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In this phenomenon, the developmental fate of the tail blastema is apparently altered from that of a tail to that of limbs, indicating a realignment of positional information in the blastema. Morphological observations and analyses of the development of skeletal elements during the process suggest that positional information in the blastema is rewritten from tail to trunk specification under the influence of vitamin A, resulting in limb formation. Despite the extensive information gained from morphological observations, a comprehensive understanding of this phenomenon also requires molecular data. We review previous studies related to anuran homeotic transformation. The findings of these studies provide a basis for evaluating major hypotheses and identifying molecular data that should be prioritized in future studies. Finally, we argue that positional information for the tail blastema changes to that for a part of the trunk, leading to homeotic transformations. To suggest this hypothesis, we present published data that favor the rewriting of positional information.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/dgd.12547","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,15]],"date-time":"2018-08-15T01:33:21Z","timestamp":1534296801000},"page":"365-376","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Homeotic transformation of tails into limbs in anurans"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8885-3021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sho","family":"Morioka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Amphibian Research Center Graduate School of Science Hiroshima University  Higashihiroshima Hiroshima Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Priyambada","family":"Mohanty\u2010Hejmadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology Utkal University  Bhubaneswar Orissa India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshio","family":"Yaoita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Embryology Amphibian Research Center Hiroshima University  Higashihiroshima Hiroshima Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8427-8955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ichiro","family":"Tazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Embryology Amphibian Research Center Hiroshima University  Higashihiroshima Hiroshima Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2015.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.1881.tb01323.x","article-title":"On the development of the skeleton of the paired fins of Elasmobranchii, considered in relation to its bearing on the nature of the limbs of the Vertebrata","volume":"1881","author":"Balfour F. 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