{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T16:00:37Z","timestamp":1758124837833,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643587200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":30,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dev Growth Differ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thyroid hormone (T3) affects many diverse physiological processes such as metabolism, organogenesis, and growth. The two highly related frog species, diploid <jats:italic>Xenopus tropicalis<\/jats:italic> and pseudo tetraploid <jats:italic>Xenopus laevis<\/jats:italic>, have been used as models for analyzing the effects of T3 during vertebrate development. T3 regulates T3\u2010inducible gene transcription through T3 receptor (TR)\u2010binding to T3\u2010response elements (TREs). We have previously identified <jats:italic>sperm associated antigen 7<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>spag7<\/jats:italic>) as a candidate T3 target gene that is potentially involved in adult stem cell development and\/or proliferation during intestinal metamorphosis. To investigate whether T3 regulates <jats:italic>spag7<\/jats:italic> directly at the transcriptional level via TR, we first conducted qRT\u2010PCR to analyze its expression during natural and T3\u2010induced metamorphosis and found that <jats:italic>spag7<\/jats:italic> was up\u2010regulated during natural metamorphosis in the intestine, tail, brain and hindlimb, peaking at the climax of metamorphosis in all those organs, and upon T3 treatment of premetamorphic tadpoles. Next, we demonstrated that an intronic TRE in <jats:italic>spag7<\/jats:italic>, first identified through bioinformatic analysis, could bind to TR in vitro and in vivo during metamorphosis. A dual luciferase assay utilizing a reconstituted frog oocyte transcription system showed that the TRE could mediate promoter activation by liganded TR. These results indicate that <jats:italic>spag7<\/jats:italic> expression is directly regulated by T3 through the TRE in the first intron during metamorphosis, implicating a role for <jats:italic>spag7<\/jats:italic> early during T3\u2010regulated tissue remodeling and resorption.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/dgd.12764","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,4]],"date-time":"2021-12-04T12:55:55Z","timestamp":1638622555000},"page":"48-58","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["<i>Sperm associated antigen 7<\/i> is activated by T3 during <i>Xenopus tropicalis<\/i> metamorphosis via a thyroid hormone response element within the first intron"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Liezhen","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section on Molecular Morphogenesis Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) National 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