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Visual information received in the ommatidia in the compound eye is transmitted to the columns in the brain. However, the developmental mechanisms of column formation are largely unknown. The Irre Cell Recognition Module (IRM) proteins are a family of immunoglobulin cell adhesion molecules. The four <jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic> IRM proteins are localized to the developing columns, the structure of which is affected in IRM mutants, suggesting that IRM proteins are essential for column formation. Since IRM proteins are cell adhesion molecules, they may regulate cell adhesion between columnar neurons. To test this possibility, we specifically knocked down IRM genes in columnar neurons and examined the defects in column formation. We developed a system that automatically extracts the individual column images and quantifies the column shape. Using this system, we demonstrated that IRM genes play critical roles in regulating column shape in a core columnar neuron, Mi1. We also show that their expression in the other columnar neurons, Mi4 and T4\/5, is essential, suggesting that the interactions between IRM proteins and multiple neurons shape the columns in the fly brain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/dgd.12834","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T14:44:52Z","timestamp":1671461092000},"page":"37-47","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Quantitative analysis of the roles of <scp>IRM<\/scp> cell adhesion molecules in column formation in the fly brain"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Yunfei","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kanazawa University  Kanazawa Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miaoxing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mathematical Neuroscience Unit Institute for Frontier Science Initiative  Kanazawa Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kousuke","family":"Imamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical, Information and Communication Engineering, Institute of Science and Engineering Kanazawa University  Kanazawa Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7763-0751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Makoto","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kanazawa University  Kanazawa Japan"},{"name":"Mathematical Neuroscience Unit Institute for Frontier Science Initiative  Kanazawa Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.128.21.4251"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2005.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2010.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/bio.039842"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.14.12.1498"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.21.14.4829-4836.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00218858"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108305"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.058370"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(00)80057-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2005.06.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17931-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mod.2018.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12320"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aam6125"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddq108"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.7.12b.2533"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1592"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)00024-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.14.7962"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(95)90032-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.02-0242fje"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.10.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(03)00113-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(04)00251-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.03.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.047332"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12450"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.11.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3107-18.2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2021.104344"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109940"}],"container-title":["Development, Growth &amp; 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