{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T13:32:52Z","timestamp":1758893572298},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"s2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,6]],"date-time":"2014-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1402012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Disasters"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>When a disaster strikes a country, a temporary so\u2010called post\u2010disaster utopia emerges in which local residents help each other and outsiders support survivors and victims. However, this utopia does not last. Survivors are likely to have no chance to pay people back for the help they have received and thus return to their daily lives with a sense of debt. After the Great East Japan Earthquake the author motivated survivors of other disasters to help survivors in the Tohoku region in eastern Japan in return for the support they had received in the past. Two findings are revealed: firstly, this pay\u2010it\u2010forward support among disaster\u2010affected areas allows for intermittent rebuilding of the post\u2010disaster utopia. Secondly, a theoretical examination of the network theory also suggests that the pay\u2010it\u2010forward network is likely to expand and cover the whole of society very quickly. The psychological and sociological implications of these findings are also discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/disa.12067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,6]],"date-time":"2014-06-06T12:12:27Z","timestamp":1402056747000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Relaying support in disaster\u2010affected areas: the social implications of a \u2018pay\u2010it\u2010forward\u2019 network"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Tomohide","family":"Atsumi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Human Sciences Osaka University  Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-839X.2006.00208.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2328\/jnds.30.97"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","first-page":"2","volume-title":"Bousai\/Gensai no ningenkagaku [Human Sciences of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation]","author":"Atsumi T.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","unstructured":"Atsumi T.andJ.D.Goltz(in press) \u2018Fifteen years of disaster volunteers in Japan: a longitudinal fieldwork assessment of a disaster non-profit organization\u2019.International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3362\/9781780440453"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1534765610395619"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226206851.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","first-page":"651","volume-title":"Contemporary Social Problems: An Introduction to the Sociology of Deviant Behavior and Social Disorganization","author":"Fritz C.E.","year":"1961"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7675"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","unstructured":"Japan National Council of Social Welfare(2012)Statistics of Disaster Volunteers in Tohoku.http:\/\/www.saigaivc.com(accessed on 1 August 2012). (In Japanese.)"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2010.09.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","first-page":"200","volume-title":"Bioterrorism: Psychological and Public Health Interventions","author":"Kaniasty K.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-4560.1946.tb02295.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","unstructured":"Mauss M.(1925) \u2018Essais sur le don\u2019.L'Annee sociologiques. 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