{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:07:10Z","timestamp":1788480430278,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006545","name":"National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006545","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Disasters"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Liminal periods of disaster solidarity in the aftermath of disaster are a common experience of many survivors. These periods have a specifically ethical component in that people spontaneously engage in collective, altruistic action and magnanimously expand their ethical focus beyond normative social distinctions and hierarchies. Inevitably, however, such solidarity seems to wane, and people return to pre\u2010disaster patterns of interaction. Nevertheless, some individuals move beyond opportune acts of assistance to more extensive reorganisations of their lives during the recovery period and reshape their ethical commitments in new and durable directions. These individuals help make visible marginalised \u2018others\u2019 and draw collaborators to share new ethical visions. Based on observational and interview data collected after Hurricane Mar\u00eda (2017) in a mountainous Puerto Rican municipality and employing the framework of virtue ethics, this paper examines the differential effects of disaster solidarity on survivors' ethical responses and the different contributions these make to society.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/disa.12593","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T14:41:25Z","timestamp":1685025685000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Disaster solidarity and survivor ethics: a case study of Hurricane Mar\u00eda in Puerto Rico"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Robert W.","family":"Schrauf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor of Applied Linguistics Pennsylvania State University  United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patria C. L\u00f3pez","family":"de Victoria Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor University of Puerto Rico at Cayey  Puerto Rico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/disa.12426"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1215\/9780822379195"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","first-page":"927","volume-title":"The Basic Works of Aristotle","author":"Aristotle","year":"1941"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-7717.00222"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polgeo.2020.102181"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","first-page":"241","article-title":"The forms of capital","author":"Bourdieu P.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Handbook of Theory for the Sociology of Education"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7560\/307281"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/s41276-018-0125-z"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Puerto Rico in crisis and the shifting dictates of empire","volume":"33","author":"Cab\u00e1n P.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Centro Journal."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118290620.ch8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","first-page":"53","volume-title":"Four Lectures on Ethics: Anthropological Perspectives","author":"Das V.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","volume-title":"Humanitarian Reason: A Moral History of the Present","author":"Fassin D.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511792557"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/traa.12129"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","volume-title":"The Golden Wave: Culture and Politics After Sri Lanka's Tsunami Disaster","author":"Gamburd M.R.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11019-014-9617-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0361-3666.2005.00297.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/ahu.2001.26.1.46"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400873593"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","volume-title":"The Subject of Virtue: An Anthropology of Ethics and Freedom","author":"Laidlaw J.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","volume-title":"Ordinary Ethics: Anthropology, Language, and Action","author":"Lambek M.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226292380.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X1100642X"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195073720.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","first-page":"193","volume-title":"Applying Linguistics in Health Research, Education, and Policy","author":"L\u00f3pez de Victoria Rodr\u00edguez P.C.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","volume-title":"After Virtue: A Study in Moral Theory","author":"MacIntyre A.","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11019-014-9584-7"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","first-page":"S202","article-title":"Sidebar 7.1: impacts from Hurricanes Irma and Mar\u00eda in the Caribbean","volume":"99","author":"Martinez-Sanchez O.","year":"2018","journal-title":"State of the Climate in 2017. Special supplement to the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11186-021-09442-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139167017"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11126\/stanford\/9780804768870.003.0003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1463499612455284"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/california\/9780520281196.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-anthro-102317-050129"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18574\/nyu\/9780814724910.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10841806.2007.11029610"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","first-page":"39","article-title":"Post-disaster consensus and conflict in a traditional society: the avalanche of Yungay, Peru","volume":"4","author":"Oliver-Smith A.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Mass Emergencies."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","volume-title":"The Martyred City: Death and Rebirth in the Andes","author":"Oliver-Smith A.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.anthro.25.1.303"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_1","first-page":"23","volume-title":"Catastrophe and Culture: The Anthropology of Disaster","author":"Oliver-Smith A.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_1","volume-title":"Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods","author":"Patton M.Q.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_1","volume-title":"The Political Biography of an Earthquake: Aftermath and Amnesia in Gujarat, India","author":"Simpson E.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X12001495"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-020-04368-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_1","volume-title":"Foundations of Mixed Methods Research: Integrating Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches in the Social and Behavioral Sciences","author":"Tashakkori A.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1558689806292430"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_48_1","volume-title":"Liminality and the Modern: Living Through the In-Between","author":"Thomassen B.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_49_1","volume-title":"The Forest of Symbols: Aspects of Ndembu Ritual","author":"Turner V.","year":"1967"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_50_1","volume-title":"The Ritual Process","author":"Turner V.","year":"1969"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_51_1","volume-title":"The Anthropology of Performance","author":"Turner V.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/disa.12470"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/DPM-03-2021-0069"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139165860"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_55_1","volume-title":"The Rites of Passage","author":"Van Gennep A.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_56_1","volume-title":"Case Study Research: Design and Methods","author":"Yin R.K.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_57_1","volume-title":"Ethics for Disaster","author":"Zack N.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_58_1","volume-title":"Morality: An Anthropological Perspective","author":"Zigon J.","year":"2008"}],"container-title":["Disasters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/disa.12593","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T12:18:31Z","timestamp":1705666711000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/disa.12593"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/disa.12593"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/disa.12593","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0361-3666","1467-7717"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0361-3666","type":"print"},{"value":"1467-7717","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-08-21","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e12593"}}