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The results show that while organisational users and media professionals dominated the top 100 information sources, individual citizens played a critical role in information dissemination. Public agencies should increase their retweeting activities and share the information posted by other trustworthy sources; doing so will contribute to the timely exchange of vital information during a disaster. This study also identified the active involvement of nonprofit organisations as information brokers during the post\u2010event stage, indicating the potential for emergency management organisations to integrate their communication efforts into those of nonprofit entities. These findings will inform emergency management practices regarding implementation of communication plans and policies, facilitate the embracement of new partner organisations, and help with establishing and sustaining effective communication ties with a wide range of stakeholders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/disa.12628","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]],"date-time":"2024-06-14T08:07:23Z","timestamp":1718352443000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Emergency communication networks on Twitter during Hurricane Irma: information flow, influential actors, and top messages"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8675-9637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qian","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor at the Schar School of Policy and Government George Mason University  United 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