{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T06:56:53Z","timestamp":1791356213619,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,11]],"date-time":"2013-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362960000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the prevalence of dopaminergic abnormalities in 1388 children with neurological disorders, and to analyse their clinical, neuroradiological, and electrophysiological characteristics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>We studied biogenic amines in 1388 cerebrospinal fluid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF<\/jats:styled-content>) samples from children with neurological disorders (mean age 3y 10mo, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content> 4y 5mo; 712 males, 676 females. Correlations among <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF<\/jats:styled-content> homovanillic acid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HVA<\/jats:styled-content>) values and other biochemical, clinical, neuroradiological, and electrophysiological parameters were analysed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010one patients with primary dopaminergic deficiencies were identified. Of the whole sample, 20% showed altered <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HVA<\/jats:styled-content>. We report neurological diseases with abnormal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF HVA<\/jats:styled-content> values such as pontocerebellar hypoplasia, perinatal asphyxia, central nervous system infections, mitochondrial disorders, and other genetic diseases. Overlapping <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HVA<\/jats:styled-content> levels between primary and secondary dopamine deficiencies were observed. Prevalence of low <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF HVA<\/jats:styled-content> levels was significantly higher in neonatal patients (\u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>=84.8, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001). Abnormalities in white matter were associated with low <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF HVA<\/jats:styled-content> (odds ratio 2.3, 95% confidence interval 1.5\u20133.5).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HVA<\/jats:styled-content> abnormalities are observed in various neurological diseases, but some are probably an unspecific finding. No clear limits for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF HVA<\/jats:styled-content> values pointing towards primary diseases can be stated. We report several neurological diseases showing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HVA<\/jats:styled-content> alterations. No neuroimaging traits were associated with low <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HVA<\/jats:styled-content> values, except for white matter abnormalities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,13]],"date-time":"2013-03-13T03:47:29Z","timestamp":1363146449000},"page":"559-566","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Homovanillic acid in cerebrospinal fluid of 1388 children with neurological disorders"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Marta","family":"Molero\u2010Luis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurometabolic Unit Hospital Sant Joan de D\u00e9u and Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Barcelona 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