{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T02:44:50Z","timestamp":1790909090266,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,5]],"date-time":"2013-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1365120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Post\u2010traumatic headaches (PTHs) following mild traumatic brain injury (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mTBI<\/jats:styled-content>) are common; however, few studies have examined the characteristics of PTHs or their response to treatment. The aims of this study were (1) to describe the clinical characteristics of PTH in a prospective cohort of children presenting to a paediatric emergency department with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mTBI<\/jats:styled-content>, and (2) to evaluate the response of PTH to treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>The emergency department cohort was obtained from a prospective longitudinal cohort study of symptoms following <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mTBI<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=670; 385 males, 285 females) and a comparison group of children with extracranial injury (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=120; 61 males, 59 females). A retrospective chart review of a separate cohort of children from a brain injury clinic (the treatment cohort) treated for PTH was performed (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=44; 29 females, 15 males; mean age 14y 1mo, SD 3y 1mo). The median time since injury was 6.9\u00a0months (range 1\u201329mo). The mean follow\u2010up interval after treatment started was 5.5\u00a0weeks (SD 4.3wks).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among the emergency department cohort <jats:italic>(n<\/jats:italic>=39; 20 males, 19 females; mean age 11y 1mo, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content> 4y 3mo) 11% of children were symptomatic with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTH<\/jats:styled-content>s at a mean of 15.8\u00a0days (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content> 11.6d) post injury. Three months post injury, 7.8% of children complained of headaches; of those, 56% had pre\u2010existing headaches and 18% had experienced migraine before the injury. Although headache type varied, 55% met the criteria for migraine. A family or past medical history of migraine was present in 82% of cases. Among the treatment cohort, medications included amitriptyline, flunarizine, topiramate, and melatonin, with an overall response rate of 64%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is the first prospective cohort study to describe the clinical characteristics of PTHs following <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mTBI<\/jats:styled-content> in children. Migraine was the most common headache type seen; other headaches included tension\u2010type, cervicogenic, and occipital neuralgias, and 64% responded to treatment. Referral to a headache specialist should be considered, especially when the features are not typical of one of the primary headache disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,5]],"date-time":"2013-04-05T17:46:05Z","timestamp":1365183965000},"page":"636-641","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":155,"title":["Characteristics of post\u2010traumatic headaches in children following mild traumatic brain injury and their response to treatment: a prospective cohort"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Kuczynski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Crawford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute Calgary AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Bodell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute Calgary AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Dewey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada"},{"name":"Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute Calgary AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen M","family":"Barlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada"},{"name":"Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute Calgary AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001199-200505000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-0925"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546510392326"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3810\/psm.2009.06.1721"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-3787(05)85119-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.phm.0000223235.09931.c0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-1742"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1001942"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2004.00818.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.300.6.711"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","first-page":"100","article-title":"Prevalence, clinical features and accompanying signs of post\u2010traumatic headache in children","volume":"41","author":"Necajauskaite O","year":"2005","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2009.01461.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2010.01645.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2011.01909.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465030310020301"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0269905021000010131"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2008.02063.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","first-page":"457","article-title":"The prevalence, course and clinical features of post\u2010concussion syndrome in children","volume":"41","author":"Necajauskaite O","year":"2005","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2011.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-4610.2000.00128.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2190\/15AH-JB7Q-U94T-JEAF"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2005.00260.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-4610.2000.00085.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-4610.2002.02185.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e31819d6edb"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2011.47"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0887-8994(85)90038-4"}],"container-title":["Developmental Medicine &amp; 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