{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T21:16:55Z","timestamp":1791407815182,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,3]],"date-time":"2013-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1378166400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Joseph Drown Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study examined the utility of standard autism diagnostic measures in nine children (aged 5\u20139y) with severe vision impairment and a range of social and language functioning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADOS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) and the Autism Diagnostic Interview, Revised (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010R) were systematically modified and used to assess symptoms of autism in children with vision less than or equal to 20\/800, the majority of whom had optic nerve hypoplasia. The results of the assessments, including analysis of symptom patterns, were compared with expert autism diagnoses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Modified autism measures demonstrated good agreement with clinical diagnoses. Symptoms found to be most and least reliable in discriminating autism from behaviors common to most children with congenital vision impairment are described. Comparisons of current behavior with parent\u2010reported behaviors from a younger age suggested that some symptoms of autism in very young children who are congenitally blind may improve with age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADOS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010R are useful for clinical assessment and for advancing research efforts to understand autism symptoms in children with vision impairment. However, some autistic symptoms in very young children may change over time, and developmental changes should be closely monitored.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,4]],"date-time":"2013-09-04T00:49:31Z","timestamp":1378255771000},"page":"66-72","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Autism assessment in children with optic nerve hypoplasia and other vision impairments"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Marian E","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cassandra","family":"Fink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Vision Center Children's Hospital Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Zamora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern California University Center for Excellence in Developmental Disabilities Children's Hospital Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Borchert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Vision Center Children's Hospital Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"64","volume-title":"Psychopathology of Communication","author":"Keeler W","year":"1958"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01696.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","volume-title":"Retrolental Fibroplasias and Autistic Symptomalogy","author":"Chase JB","year":"1972"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","volume-title":"Insights from the Blind: Comparative Studies of Blind and Sighted Infants","author":"Fraiberg S","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2010.03664.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1989.tb04045.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"281","article-title":"Hyperlexia III: separating \u2018autistic\u2010like\u2019 behaviors from autistic disorder; 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