{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:58:42Z","timestamp":1788872322019,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,3]],"date-time":"2013-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1383436800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004513","name":"Harry Crossley Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Not Appicable"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Not Appicable"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004513","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The aim of this study was to explore the physical status and gait patterns of children with spastic diplegia secondary to human immunodeficiency virus encephalopathy (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIVE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A cross\u2010sectional study was conducted on children diagnosed with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIVE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and spastic diplegia. Sociodemographic and clinical background information was obtained, followed by three\u2010dimensional gait analysis (3\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DGA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) and a physical examination including assessments of muscle tone, strength, motor control, contractures, and bony deformities of the lower extremities.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fourteen children (eight males, six females; mean age 5y 8mo [\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      9mo], range 4y 4mo\u20136y 10mo) were studied. The cohort was divided into two groups based on distinctive gait patterns. Nine participants in group I showed only limited abnormalities. Group\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      displayed a more pathological gait pattern including stiff knee and equinus ankle abnormalities. Results of 3\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DGA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , as with the physical examination outcomes, showed increased impairments from proximal to distal (except for hip extension).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study provides a first description of distinctive gait patterns and related physical characteristics of children with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIVE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and spastic diplegia. Further research is necessary.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,4]],"date-time":"2013-11-04T00:14:38Z","timestamp":1383524078000},"page":"686-694","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Spastic diplegia in children with\n                    <scp>HIV<\/scp>\n                    encephalopathy: first description of gait and physical status"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Nelleke G","family":"Langerak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Division Department of Surgery Faculty of Health Sciences University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa"},{"name":"Physiotherapy Division Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Stellenbosch University Tygerberg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"du Toit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Surgery Division Department of Surgery Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Stellenbosch University Tygerberg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marlette","family":"Burger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiotherapy Division Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Stellenbosch University Tygerberg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark F","family":"Cotton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Unit Department of Paediatrics and Child Health Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Children's Hospital Tygerberg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priscilla E","family":"Springer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurodevelopmental Division Department of Paediatrics and Child Health Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Children's Hospital Tygerberg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Laughton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Unit Department of Paediatrics and Child Health Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Children's Hospital Tygerberg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS (UNAIDS).UNAIDS World AIDS Day Report 2011. 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