{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T22:36:31Z","timestamp":1791671791242,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,4]],"date-time":"2013-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1386115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Status dystonicus is a rare, but life\u2010threatening movement disorder emergency. Urgent assessment is required and management is tailored to patient characteristics and complications. The use of dystonia action plans and early recognition of worsening dystonia may potentially facilitate intervention or prevent progression to status dystonicus. However, for established status dystonicus, rapidly deployed temporizing measures and different depths of sedation in an intensive care unit or high dependency unit are the most immediate and effective modalities for abating life\u2010threatening spasms, while dystonia\u2010specific treatment takes effect. If refractory status dystonicus persists despite orally active anti\u2010dystonia drugs and unsuccessful weaning from sedative or anaesthetic agents, early consideration of intrathecal baclofen or deep brain stimulation is required. During status dystonicus, precise documentation of dystonia sites and severity as well as the baseline clinical state, using rating scales and videos is recommended. Further published descriptions of the clinical nature, timing of evolution, resolution, and epidemiology of status dystonicus are essential for a better collective understanding of this poorly understood heterogeneous emergency. In this review, we provide an overview of the clinical presentation and suggest a management approach for status dystonicus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,4]],"date-time":"2013-12-04T08:19:27Z","timestamp":1386145167000},"page":"105-112","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":144,"title":["Status dystonicus: a practice guide"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Nicholas M","family":"Allen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Children's University Hospital Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean\u2010Pierre","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Neurology &amp; Complex Motor Disorders Service Evelina Children's Hospital Guy's &amp; St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Lynch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary D","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Children's University Hospital Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23088"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2011.04209.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25475"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"413","article-title":"The varied etiologies of childhood\u2010onset dystonia","volume":"158","author":"Roubertie A","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.24981"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/121.2.243"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2005000100005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.1.JNS091127"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.10.PEDS11360"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12108"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.35.1.73"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1947-4-294"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2011.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21471"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymgme.2012.05.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.47.11.1166"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000266594.16202.c1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13312-010-0138-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2011.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.1111"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.72184"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60761-835-5_9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.32.10.1195"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/088307380001500404"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002826-199408000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-2-21"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2002.32820"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20325"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2012000600013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2011.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.61.3.321"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.4.PEDS08444"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70269-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2011.03649.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2007.06.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2004.00374.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10096"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870130344"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","first-page":"71","volume-title":"Paediatric Movement Disorders. Progress in Understandings","author":"Nardocci N","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.41.7.1141"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1996.tb14109.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22515"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","first-page":"139","article-title":"[Treatment of early\u2010onset generalized dystonia by chronic bilateral stimulation of the internal globus pallidus. Apropos of a case]","volume":"45","author":"Coubes P","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurochirurgie"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(200009)15:5<1010::AID-MDS1039>3.0.CO;2-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20510"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22764"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22656"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23586"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","first-page":"125","article-title":"Pallidal deep brain stimulation in a 5\u2010year\u2010old child with dystonic storm: case report","volume":"23","author":"Aydin S","year":"2013","journal-title":"Turk Neurosurg"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aer468"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.7.PEDS1350"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20655"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","first-page":"474","volume-title":"Oxford Specialist Handbooks in Paediatrics. Paediatric Neurology. Status Dystonicus","author":"Forsyth R","year":"2012"}],"container-title":["Developmental Medicine &amp; Child Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fdmcn.12339","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dmcn.12339","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T22:44:34Z","timestamp":1696286674000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dmcn.12339"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,4]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dmcn.12339"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dmcn.12339","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-1622","1469-8749"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-1622","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8749","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-10-07","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-12-04","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}