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In approximately half of all cases the calcification occurs in damaged, neoplastic, or malformed brain. For the large number of other disorders in which <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICC<\/jats:styled-content> occurs, no common pathogenetic mechanism can be suggested. Congenital infection, particularly with cytomegalovirus, accounts for a significant proportion of all cases. However, some genetic diseases, in particular Aicardi\u2013Gouti\u00e8res syndrome, Band\u2010like calcification, and <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNASET<\/jats:styled-content>2<\/jats:italic>\u2010related disease, may mimic congenital infection; therefore, a full consideration of the radiological and clinical features is necessary before concluding that congenital infection is the cause. In some disorders calcification is a universal finding, in others it is a frequent occurrence, and in some it is only an occasional finding. 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