{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T09:19:14Z","timestamp":1770887954414,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,13]],"date-time":"2014-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1399939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chiari type I malformation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>1<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>) may be symptomatic or asymptomatic as an incidental finding. In this retrospective study, we applied diffusion tensor imaging (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DTI<\/jats:styled-content>) to study the brainstem and cerebellar white matter tracts in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>1<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diffusion tensor imaging (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DTI<\/jats:styled-content>) data were acquired on a 1.5T <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010scanner using balanced pairs of diffusion gradients along 20 non\u2010collinear directions. Measurements from regions of interest in each pontine corticospinal tract, medial leminscus, and middle cerebellar peduncle (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCP<\/jats:styled-content>) and in the lower brainstem were obtained for fractional anisotropy and mean, axial, and radial diffusivity. Values in symptomatic and asymptomatic children, and children with and without hydromyelia were compared using analysis of variance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifteen children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>1<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content> (10 males, five females; six symptomatic [four with hydromyelia] and nine asymptomatic) were included. Median age was 6\u00a0years 5\u00a0months (range 2y 10mo\u201315y 4mo). No significant differences in DTI scalars were found in the lower brainstem. In both MCPs, axial diffusivity values were lower in symptomatic than in asymptomatic children (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.049 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.035 respectively) and higher in children with hydromyelia versus without hydromyelia (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.018 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.006 respectively). In the left <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCP<\/jats:styled-content>, mean diffusivity values were lower in symptomatic than in asymptomatic children (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.047).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results show that microstructural tissue alterations may be present in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>1<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>. Additionally, our study suggests a specific role for the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCP<\/jats:styled-content>s in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>1<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>. Further large\u2010scale studies are warranted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12494","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,13]],"date-time":"2014-05-13T12:14:53Z","timestamp":1399983293000},"page":"742-748","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Diffusion tensor imaging in pediatric <scp>C<\/scp>hiari type <scp>I<\/scp> malformation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Tadesse","family":"Eshetu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroradiology The Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Avner","family":"Meoded","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Pediatric Neuroradiology Division of Pediatric Radiology The Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George I","family":"Jallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin S","family":"Carson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thierry AGM","family":"Huisman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Pediatric Neuroradiology Division of Pediatric Radiology The Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Poretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Pediatric Neuroradiology Division of Pediatric Radiology The Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-007-0428-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-011-0695-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/PED\/2008\/2\/9\/179"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2009.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0b013e3181dcaa8b"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nic.2011.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-012-2428-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.6.FOCUS11112"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3068"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","volume-title":"MRI Atlas of Human White Matter","author":"Oishi K","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.5.PEDS1121"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-007-0432-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/016164111X12962202723805"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2452061096"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/ped.2004.101.2.0169"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-012-2457-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A2268"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2011.02.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.neu.0000417804.07223.5d"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0720-048X(03)00132-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-004-1287-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968308331142"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0765"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/enrs.1998.3935"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2003.07.005"}],"container-title":["Developmental Medicine &amp; 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