{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T18:19:04Z","timestamp":1773339544034,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,8]],"date-time":"2014-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1410134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Arvo Ylpp\u00c3\u00b6 Foundation, Finland"},{"name":"Finnish Brain Foundation, Finland"},{"name":"Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation,Finland"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, USA","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health, USA","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Sigrid Juselius Foundation, Finland"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The first aim of this study was to evaluate the association between different subgroups of autism spectrum disorders (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content>s) (childhood autism, Asperger syndrome, and pervasive developmental disorder\/pervasive developmental disorder \u2013 not otherwise specified [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDD<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NOS<\/jats:styled-content>]) and congenital anomalies. Second, we assessed the association among intellectually disabled children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content>s in the subgroups of childhood autism and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDD<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NOS<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nationwide population\u2010based register data for children with a diagnosis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=4449; 3548 males, 901 females) were collected during years 1987\u20132000 from the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register. Data on congenital anomalies were derived from the National Register of Congenital Malformations. Conditional logistic regression models were used as a statistical method. The association between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content> subgroups and congenital anomalies was stratified by the presence or absence of intellectual disability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Congenital anomalies occurred more frequently in all subgroups of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content> than in comparison participants (adjusted odds ratio [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>] for major congenital anomalies 1.8, 95% confidence interval [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>] 1.5\u20132.2, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001). The association between congenital anomalies and childhood autism (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 2.4, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.6\u20133.6, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001) and between congenital anomalies and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDD<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NOS<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 3.7, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 2.4\u20135.7, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001) among children with an intellectual disability was strong but remained significant also without intellectual disability (childhood autism: <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 1.7, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.3\u20132.3, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDD<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NOS<\/jats:styled-content>:<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> OR<\/jats:styled-content> 2.3, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.9\u20132.8, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results suggest a significant association between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content>s and congenital anomalies regardless of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content> subgroup. The association between childhood autism and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDD<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NOS<\/jats:styled-content> and congenital anomalies is stronger among children with intellectual disability is stronger than among those without intellectual disability. These results may have relevance in examining early risk factors in autism during fetal neurodevelopment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12581","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,8]],"date-time":"2014-09-08T16:03:45Z","timestamp":1410192225000},"page":"75-80","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["The association between congenital anomalies and autism spectrum disorders in a <scp>F<\/scp>innish national birth cohort"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Timonen\u2010Soivio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Psychiatry Turku University and Turku University Central Hospital Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raija","family":"Vanhala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Neurology Helsinki University and Helsinki University Central 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