{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:48:03Z","timestamp":1787014083472,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,15]],"date-time":"2015-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1436918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Marguerite-Marie Delacroix Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The aim of the study was to map clinical patterns of dystonia and choreoathetosis and to assess the relation between functional classifications and basal ganglia and thalamus lesions in participants with dyskinetic cerebral palsy (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this cross\u2010sectional study, 55 participants with dyskinetic\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (mean age 14y 6mo,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      4y 1mo; range 6\u201322y) were assessed with the Dyskinesia Impairment Scale and classified with the Gross Motor Function Classification System (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GMFCS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), Manual Ability Classification System (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MACS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), and Communication Function Classification System (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CFCS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Dystonia and choreoathetosis are simultaneously present. Median levels of dystonia (70.2%) were significantly higher than levels of choreoathetosis (26.7%) and both were significantly higher during activity than at rest (both\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.01). High correlations were found between dystonia levels and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GMFCS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      level (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                        <jats:sub>S<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      =0.70; 95% confidence interval [\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ] 0.53\u20130.81;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.01) and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MACS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                        <jats:sub>S<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      =0.65; 95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      0.47\u20130.81;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.01), and fair correlation with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CFCS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\n                      =0.36; 95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      =0.11\u20130.57;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.05). No significant correlation was found between choreoathetosis levels and motor classifications. Finally, higher choreoathetosis levels were found in participants with pure thalamus and basal ganglia lesions (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.03) than mixed lesions, but not for dystonia (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.41).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dystonia and choreoathetosis increase during activity. However, dystonia predominates and seems to have a larger impact on functional abilities. Our findings further suggest that choreoathetosis seems to be more linked to pure thalamus and basal ganglia lesions than dystonia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12846","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,15]],"date-time":"2015-07-15T08:16:25Z","timestamp":1436948185000},"page":"138-144","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Clinical patterns of dystonia and choreoathetosis in participants with dyskinetic cerebral palsy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Elegast","family":"Monbaliu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences KU Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"de Cock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Primary Care KU Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Els","family":"Ortibus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Development and Regeneration KU Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lieve","family":"Heyrman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences KU Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrijn","family":"Klingels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences KU Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilde","family":"Feys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences KU Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2000.tb00695.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.13.1602"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2008.144014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23088"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","volume-title":"SCPE Reference and Training Manual (R&TM)","author":"Kr\u00e4geloh\u2010Mann I","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2009.03581.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2011.04209.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2012.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1997.tb07414.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2006.tb01313.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2011.03996.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2007.00751.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1991.tb11955.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2009.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2011.03932.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","volume-title":"Foundations of Clinical Research: Applications to Practice","author":"Portney L","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2007.tb12626.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1998.88.1.0073"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25339"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-007-0397-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","first-page":"45","article-title":"The updated European Consensus 2009 on the use of Botulinum toxin for children with cerebral palsy","volume":"16","author":"Heinen F","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2011.03649.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2010.03765.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2001.tb00725.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.06.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","first-page":"246","article-title":"Development and reliability of a system to classify the eating and drinking ability of people with cerebral palsy","volume":"56","author":"Sellers D","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2010.08.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2008.02.032"}],"container-title":["Developmental Medicine &amp; 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