{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T12:09:17Z","timestamp":1792066157493,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,28]],"date-time":"2015-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1440720000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed the first study on the perceived benefit and adverse effects of symptomatic management in children with anti\u2010<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010methyl\u2010<jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\u2010aspartate receptor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NMDAR<\/jats:styled-content>) encephalitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective chart review was undertaken at two tertiary paediatric hospitals in Australia and New Zealand. We included 27 children (12 males, 15 females; mean age at admission 7y 1mo) with anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NMDAR<\/jats:styled-content> antibodies in serum or cerebrospinal fluid with a typical clinical syndrome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Only two out of 27 patients were white, whereas 16 out of 27 patients were from the Pacific Islands\/New Zealand Maori. The mean duration of admission was 69\u00a0days (10\u2013224d) and 48% of patients (13\/27) needed treatment in an intensive care setting. A mean of eight medications per patient was used for symptomatic management. Symptoms treated were agitation (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=25), seizures (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=24), movement disorders (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=23), sleep disruption (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=17), psychiatric symptoms (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=10), and dysautonomia (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=four). The medications used included five different benzodiazepines (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=25), seven anticonvulsants (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=25), eight sedatives and sleep medications (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=23), five antipsychotics (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=12), and five medications for movement disorders (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=10). Sedative and sleep medications other than benzodiazepines were the most effective, with a mean benefit of 67.4% per medication and a mean adverse effect\u2010benefit ratio of 0.04 per medication. Antipsychotic drugs were used for a short duration (median 9d), and had the poorest mean benefit per medication of 35.4% and an adverse effect\u2010benefit ratio of 2.0 per medication.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>Long\u2010acting benzodiazepines, anticonvulsants, and clonidine can treat multiple symptoms. Patients with anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NMDAR<\/jats:styled-content> encephalitis appear vulnerable to antipsychotic\u2010related adverse effects. Pacific Islanders appear to have a vulnerability to anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NMDAR<\/jats:styled-content> encephalitis in our region.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12882","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,2]],"date-time":"2015-09-02T12:33:45Z","timestamp":1441197225000},"page":"376-384","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Symptomatic treatment of children with anti\u2010NMDAR encephalitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Shekeeb S","family":"Mohammad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimmunology Group Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research The Children's Hospital at Westmead Sydney Australia"},{"name":"The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School University of Sydney Sydney 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