{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T20:09:44Z","timestamp":1774987784492,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,26]],"date-time":"2015-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1445817600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Review a series of children with posterior circulation arterial ischaemic stroke (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCAIS<\/jats:styled-content>) to identify diagnostic modality and associations in cases of vertebral artery dissection (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VAD<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective analysis of 30 cases of childhood <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCAIS<\/jats:styled-content> identified from two tertiary centres over 11 years. Clinical and demographic details were recorded. Brain and cerebrovascular imaging were reviewed. Aetiology was classified using the Childhood Arterial Ischaemic Stroke Standardized Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation criteria. Outcome was evaluated using standardized paediatric stroke outcome scores. Logistic regression was used to explore variables associated with diagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010three patients were male (77%) and 7 were female (23%). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VAD<\/jats:styled-content> was the most commonly identified aetiology, in 15 cases (50%). Aetiology was undetermined in 12 (40%), probable cardioembolism in two, and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome in one. In those with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VAD<\/jats:styled-content>, diagnosis was made on initial magnetic resonance angiography (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRA<\/jats:styled-content>) in six (40%). Further cases of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VAD<\/jats:styled-content> were diagnosed with catheter angiography (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=6), computed tomographic angiography (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=1), or follow\u2010up <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRA<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=2). Presence of multiple infarcts was associated with a diagnosis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VAD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>Endoluminal cerebrovascular imaging increases the rate of diagnosis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VAD<\/jats:styled-content> in childhood <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCAIS<\/jats:styled-content> and should especially be considered if there are multiple infarcts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12945","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,27]],"date-time":"2015-10-27T04:43:57Z","timestamp":1445921037000},"page":"63-69","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Diagnosis of vertebral artery dissection in childhood posterior circulation arterial ischaemic stroke"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Nadine","family":"McCrea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences Great Ormond Street Hospital London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dawn","family":"Saunders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Great Ormond Street Hospital London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emmanouil","family":"Bagkeris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population, Policy and Practice Programme UCL Institute of Child Health London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manali","family":"Chitre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Neurology Addenbrooke's Hospital Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vijeya","family":"Ganesan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosciences Unit UCL Institute of Child Health London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22224"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"Royal College of Physicians London Paediatric Stroke Working Group.Stroke in childhood. 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