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Included studies involved infants with either cystic periventricular leukomalacia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cPVL<\/jats:styled-content>), preterm, or term stroke (i.e. parenchymal lesion of the brain). Outcome was expressed as cerebral palsy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CP<\/jats:styled-content>) and intellectual disability (mental retardation). Median prevalence rates of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CP<\/jats:styled-content> after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cPVL<\/jats:styled-content>, preterm, and term stroke were 86%, 71%, and 29% respectively; of intellectual disability 50%, 27%, and 33%. Most infants with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cPVL<\/jats:styled-content> developed bilateral <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CP<\/jats:styled-content>, those with term stroke unilateral <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CP<\/jats:styled-content>, whereas after preterm stroke bilateral and unilateral <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CP<\/jats:styled-content> occurred equally often. Information on the effects of sex and social economic status on outcome after specific brain lesions was very limited. Our findings show that the risk for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CP<\/jats:styled-content> is high after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cPVL<\/jats:styled-content>, moderate after preterm stroke, and lowest after term stroke. The risk for intellectual disability after an early brain lesion is lower than that for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CP<\/jats:styled-content>. 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