{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T18:51:35Z","timestamp":1790362295498,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,16]],"date-time":"2016-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1455580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["084323"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["084323"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tuberculous meningitis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TBM<\/jats:styled-content>) is a lethal and commonly occurring form of extra\u2010pulmonary tuberculosis in children, often complicated by hydrocephalus which worsens outcome. Despite high mortality and morbidity, little data on the impact on neurodevelopment exists. We examined the clinical characteristics, and clinical and neurodevelopmental outcomes of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TBM<\/jats:styled-content> and hydrocephalus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Demographic and clinical data (laboratory and radiological findings) were prospectively collected on children treated for probable and definite <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TBM<\/jats:styled-content> with hydrocephalus. At 6 months, clinical outcome was assessed using the Paediatric Cerebral Performance Category Scale and neurodevelopmental outcome was assessed with the Griffiths Mental Development Scale \u2013 Extended Version.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010four patients (median age 3y 3mo, range 3mo\u201313y 1mo, [SD 3y 5mo]) were enrolled. The mortality rate was 16%, three patients (6.8%) were in a persistent vegetative state, two were severely disabled (4.5%), and 11 (25%) suffered mild\u2013moderate disability. All cases demonstrated neurodevelopmental deficits relative to controls. Multiple or large infarcts were prognostic of poor outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neurological and neurodevelopmental deficits are common after paediatric <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TBM<\/jats:styled-content> with hydrocephalus, and appear to be related to ongoing cerebral ischaemia and consequent infarction. The impact of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TBM<\/jats:styled-content> on these children is multidimensional and presents short\u2010 and long\u2010term challenges.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.13054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,18]],"date-time":"2016-02-18T19:05:53Z","timestamp":1455822353000},"page":"461-468","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Clinical characteristics and neurodevelopmental outcomes of children with tuberculous meningitis and hydrocephalus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Ursula K","family":"Rohlwink","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery Paediatric Neurosurgery Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa"},{"name":"Clinical and Infectious Disease Research Initiative Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine 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M","family":"Wilmshurst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Neurology Department of Paediatrics and Child Health Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graham A","family":"Fieggen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery Paediatric Neurosurgery Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony A","family":"Figaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery Paediatric Neurosurgery Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital University of Cape Town Cape Town South 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