{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T23:56:09Z","timestamp":1789084569567,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,15]],"date-time":"2016-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1458000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["457084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["457084"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1021480"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1021480"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1024474"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1024474"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"Aim<\/jats:title>To identify soft neurological signs (SNS<\/jats:styled-content>) in a population\u2010based study of children living in remote Aboriginal communities in the Fitzroy Valley, Western Australia, born between 2002 and 2003 and explore the relationship between SNS<\/jats:styled-content>, prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE<\/jats:styled-content>), and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Method<\/jats:title>The presence of SNS<\/jats:styled-content> was assessed using the Quick Neurological Screening Test, 2nd edition (QNST<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102), which has a total maximum score of 140. Higher scores indicated more SNS<\/jats:styled-content>. \u2018Severe discrepancy\u2019 was defined as scores less than or equal to the fifth centile while \u2018moderate discrepancy\u2019 represented scores from the sixth to the 24th centile. Children were assigned FASD<\/jats:styled-content> diagnoses using modified Canadian FASD<\/jats:styled-content> diagnostic guidelines.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>A total of 108 of 134 (80.6%) eligible children (mean age 8y 9mo, SD<\/jats:styled-content>=6mo, 53% male) were assessed. The median QNST<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 Total Score for all participants was within the normal category (19.0, range 4\u201366). However, the median QNST<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 Total Score was higher in children with than without (1) PAE<\/jats:styled-content> (r<\/jats:italic>=0.2, p<\/jats:italic>=0.045) and (2) FASD<\/jats:styled-content> (r<\/jats:italic>=0.3, p<\/jats:italic>=0.004). Half (8\/16) of children scoring \u2018moderate discrepancy\u2019 and all (2\/2) children scoring \u2018severe discrepancy\u2019 had at least three domains of central nervous system impairment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Interpretation<\/jats:title>SNS<\/jats:styled-content> were more common in children with PAE<\/jats:styled-content> or FASD<\/jats:styled-content>, consistent with the known neurotoxic effect of PAE<\/jats:styled-content>. The QNST<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 is a useful screen for subtle neurological dysfunction indicating the need for more comprehensive assessment in children with PAE<\/jats:styled-content> or FASD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.13071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,19]],"date-time":"2016-03-19T01:20:38Z","timestamp":1458350438000},"page":"861-867","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Soft neurological signs and prenatal alcohol exposure: a population\u2010based study in remote Australia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Barbara R","family":"Lucas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Latimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The George Institute for Global Health Sydney Medical School University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James P","family":"Fitzpatrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robyn","family":"Doney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Curtin University Perth WA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rochelle E","family":"Watkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telethon Kids Institute University of Western Australia Perth WA 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