{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:48:05Z","timestamp":1787014085051,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,21]],"date-time":"2016-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1461196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AR057929"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AR057929"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The present study examined the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PROMIS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) Mobility, Fatigue, and Pain Interference Short Forms (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s) in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) for the presence of differential item functioning (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DIF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) relative to the original calibration sample.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Using the Graded Response Model we compared item parameter estimates generated from a sample of 303 children and adolescents with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (175 males, 128 females; mean age 15y 5mo) to parameter estimates from the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PROMIS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      calibration sample, which served as the reference group.\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DIF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      was assessed in a two\u2010step process using the item response theory\u2013likelihood ratio\u2013differential item functioning detection procedure.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Significant\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DIF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      was identified for four of eight items in the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PROMIS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      Mobility\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , for two of eight items in the Pain Interference Scale, and for one item out of 10 on the Fatigue Scale. Impact of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DIF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      on total score estimation was notable for Mobility and Pain Interference, but not for Fatigue.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Results suggest differences in the responses of adolescents with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      to some items on the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PROMIS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      Mobility and Pain Interference\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s. Cognitive interviews about the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PROMIS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      items with adolescents with varying degrees of mobility limitations would provide better understanding of how they are interpreting and selecting responses to the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PROMIS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      items and thus help guide selection of the most appropriate way to address this issue.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.13138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,21]],"date-time":"2016-04-21T10:54:53Z","timestamp":1461236093000},"page":"1132-1138","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Differential item functioning in the\n                    <scp>P<\/scp>\n                    atient\n                    <scp>R<\/scp>\n                    eported\n                    <scp>O<\/scp>\n                    utcomes\n                    <scp>M<\/scp>\n                    easurement\n                    <scp>I<\/scp>\n                    nformation\n                    <scp>S<\/scp>\n                    ystem\n                    <scp>P<\/scp>\n                    ediatric\n                    <scp>S<\/scp>\n                    hort\n                    <scp>F<\/scp>\n                    orms in a sample of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Wendy J","family":"Coster","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy Boston University College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences: Sargent College Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengsheng","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Disability Research Institute Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary D","family":"Slavin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Disability Research Institute Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela A","family":"Kisala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy College of Health Sciences University of Delaware Newark DE USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ratna","family":"Nandakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Education and Human Development University of Delaware Newark DE USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary Jane","family":"Mulcahey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David S","family":"Tulsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy College of Health Sciences University of Delaware Newark DE USA"},{"name":"Kessler Foundation Research Center West Orange NJ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan M","family":"Jette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Disability Research Institute Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-011-9990-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","volume-title":"The Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS\u00ae) Perspective on: Universally\u2010Relevant vs. Disease\u2010Attributed Scales","author":"Cook 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