{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T21:55:25Z","timestamp":1776117325344,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,17]],"date-time":"2016-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1463443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2011\u201003\u201001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2011\u201003\u201001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Impairments in social communication are the hallmark of autism spectrum disorder (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content>). Operationalizing \u2018severity\u2019 in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content> has been challenging; thus, stratifying by functioning has not been possible. The purpose of this study is to describe the development of the Autism Classification System of Functioning: Social Communication (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACSF<\/jats:styled-content>:<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SC<\/jats:styled-content>) and to evaluate its consistency within and between parent and professional ratings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>(1) <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACSF<\/jats:styled-content>:<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SC<\/jats:styled-content> development based on focus groups and surveys involving parents, educators, and clinicians familiar with preschoolers with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content>; and (2) evaluation of the intra\u2010 and interrater agreement of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACSF<\/jats:styled-content>:<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SC<\/jats:styled-content> using weighted kappa (<jats:italic>\u043a<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>w<\/jats:sub>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventy\u2010six participants were involved in the development process. Core characteristics of social communication were ascertained: communicative intent; communicative skills and reciprocity; and impact of environment. Five <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACSF<\/jats:styled-content>:<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SC<\/jats:styled-content> levels were created and content\u2010validated across participants. Best capacity and typical performance agreement ratings varied as follows: intrarater agreement on 41 children was <jats:italic>\u043a<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>w<\/jats:sub>=0.61 to 0.69 for parents, and <jats:italic>\u043a<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>w<\/jats:sub>=0.71 to 0.95 for professionals; interrater agreement between professionals was <jats:italic>\u043a<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>w<\/jats:sub>=0.47 to 0.61, and between parents and professionals was <jats:italic>\u043a<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>w<\/jats:sub>=0.33 to 0.53.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>Perspectives from parents and professionals informed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACSF<\/jats:styled-content>:<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SC<\/jats:styled-content> development, providing common descriptions of the levels of everyday communicative abilities of children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content> to complement the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. Rater agreement demonstrates that the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACSF<\/jats:styled-content>:<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SC<\/jats:styled-content> can be used with acceptable consistency compared with other functional classification systems.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.13152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,18]],"date-time":"2016-05-18T04:34:17Z","timestamp":1463546057000},"page":"942-948","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Developing a classification system of social communication functioning of preschool children with autism spectrum disorder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Briano","family":"Di Rezze","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada"},{"name":"School of Rehabilitation Science McMaster University Hamilton ON 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Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martha","family":"Cousins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chantal","family":"Camden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Law","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"217","article-title":"Autistic disturbances of affective contact","volume":"2","author":"Kanner L","year":"1943","journal-title":"Nerv 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