{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T19:59:30Z","timestamp":1791489570296,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,30]],"date-time":"2016-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000317","name":"Action Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000317","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004336","name":"Novartis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004336","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006314","name":"Biogen Idec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006314","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004326","name":"Bayer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004326","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000381","name":"Multiple Sclerosis Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000381","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008322","name":"CSL Behring","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic literature review of intravenous immunoglobulin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVIG<\/jats:styled-content>) treatment of paediatric neurological conditions was performed to summarize the evidence, provide recommendations, and suggest future research.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>A <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MEDLINE<\/jats:styled-content> search for articles reporting on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVIG<\/jats:styled-content> treatment of paediatric neuroinflammatory, neurodevelopmental, and neurodegenerative conditions published before September 2015, excluding single case reports and those not in English. Owing to heterogeneous outcome measures, meta\u2010analysis was not possible. Findings were combined and evidence graded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty\u2010five studies were analysed. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVIG<\/jats:styled-content> reduces recovery time in Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome (grade B). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVIG<\/jats:styled-content> is as effective as corticosteroids in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (grade C), and as effective as tacrolimus in Rasmussen syndrome (grade C). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVIG<\/jats:styled-content> improves recovery in acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (grade C), reduces mortality in acute encephalitis syndrome with myocarditis (grade C), and improves function and stabilizes disease in myasthenia gravis (grade C). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVIG<\/jats:styled-content> improves outcome in <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010methyl\u2010<jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\u2010aspartate receptor encephalitis (grade C) and opsoclonus\u2013myoclonus syndrome (grade C), reduces cataplexy symptoms in narcolepsy (grade C), speeds recovery in Sydenham chorea (grade C), reduces tics in selected cases of Tourette syndrome (grade D), and improves symptoms in paediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococcal infection (grade B).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVIG<\/jats:styled-content> is a useful therapy in selected neurological conditions. Well\u2010designed, prospective, multi\u2010centre studies with standardized outcome measures are required to compare treatments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.13349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,30]],"date-time":"2016-11-30T10:16:10Z","timestamp":1480500970000},"page":"136-144","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Systematic review of immunoglobulin use in paediatric neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Gadian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Evelina London Children's Hospital St Thomas' Hospital Children's Neurosciences Centre London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Kirk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evelina London Children's Hospital St Thomas' Hospital Paediatric Pharmacy London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Holliday","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meridian HealthComms Plumley Cheshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evelina London Children's Hospital St Thomas' Hospital Children's Neurosciences Centre London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Absoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evelina London Children's Hospital St Thomas' Hospital Children's Neurosciences Centre London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.51.6_Suppl_5.S2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/157015911796557948"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2008.02246.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2007.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3835(00)00470-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.61.926"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"CD002063","article-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulin for Guillain\u2010Barre syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Hughes RA","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2009.04025.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-010-9402-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"CD009945","article-title":"Immunomodulatory interventions for focal epilepsy syndromes","volume":"6","author":"Walker L","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-981686"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc10305"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08830738060210110701"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02724939992491"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-008-0099-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2006.00766.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/039463201202500222"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-200X.2003.01768.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073808314360"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2013.10.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.115"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02723152"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1703412"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-1324"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8027.2008.00181.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2012.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-973489","article-title":"Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy in children and their response to treatment","volume":"30","author":"Korinthenberg R","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuropediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(199712)20:12<1569::AID-MUS12>3.0.CO;2-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(97)00216-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-8966(00)00119-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2006.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-543X.2005.00130.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-008-0736-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2011.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000064163.94122.EB"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.1088"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.17"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-8994(97)00136-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-8994(99)00112-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-2038"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","first-page":"67","article-title":"Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in children: one medical center experience","volume":"47","author":"Weng WC","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Taiwan"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-009-0069-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2013.03.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.104.2.301"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-8994(99)00042-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08830738020170111001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nrl.2012.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.5699"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jca.20311"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12411"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70310-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12042"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s003810050423"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000099074.04539.E0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2009.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2010.03253.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.44.6.1030"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-012-0350-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2013.01.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2010.183897"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000066810.62490.FF"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11055-009-9184-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)12297-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08830738050200050601"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073811414058"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-010-1172-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.12915"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073811428816"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.109.1.86","article-title":"Opsoclonus\u2010ataxia caused by childhood neuroblastoma: developmental and neurologic sequelae","volume":"109","author":"Mitchell WG","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073814549581"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1237723"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2008.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2007.01134.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2013.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2009.02221.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-8994(01)00402-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/088307389801300207"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20339"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-008-0983-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1267993"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.57.Suppl.69"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2010.03902.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.13159"}],"container-title":["Developmental Medicine &amp; Child Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fdmcn.13349","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dmcn.13349","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]],"date-time":"2023-09-24T16:59:00Z","timestamp":1695574740000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dmcn.13349"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,30]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dmcn.13349"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dmcn.13349","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-1622","1469-8749"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-1622","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8749","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-10-20","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-11-30","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}