{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T01:33:49Z","timestamp":1770514429554,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,23]],"date-time":"2017-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007936","name":"International AIDS Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007936","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe gross motor function in children with bilateral lower limb (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BLL<\/jats:styled-content>) spasticity due to human immunodeficiency virus encephalopathy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIVE<\/jats:styled-content>), and to investigate the association between age, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4 percentage, and viral load at initiation of antiretroviral therapy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ART<\/jats:styled-content>) and current gross motor function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty ambulant children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIVE<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BLL<\/jats:styled-content> spasticity were recruited. Clinical parameters, including <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ART<\/jats:styled-content>, were obtained from medical records. Gross motor function was assessed using the 88\u2010item Gross Motor Function Measure (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GMFM<\/jats:styled-content>\u201088).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The participant group was comprised of 14 males and 16 females (median age 8y; interquartile range [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQR<\/jats:styled-content>] 7\u201311y). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ART<\/jats:styled-content> was initiated at a median age of 7 months (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQR<\/jats:styled-content> 5\u201311mo) with a median <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4 percentage of 4.7% (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQR<\/jats:styled-content> 2.3\u20138.0) and viral load of log<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> 6.0 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQR<\/jats:styled-content> 5.6\u20136.4). The median total <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GMFM<\/jats:styled-content>\u201088 score was 89% (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQR<\/jats:styled-content> 78\u201394%), with a wide range of scores in the \u2018Standing\u2019 domain (26\u201397%) and \u2018Walking, Running, and Jumping\u2019 domain (8\u201399%). No associations were detected between age at initiation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ART<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> CD<\/jats:styled-content>4 percentage, or viral load and total <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GMFM<\/jats:styled-content>\u201088 score.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>Limitations in gross motor function in children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIVE<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BLL<\/jats:styled-content> spasticity range from mild to severe. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ART<\/jats:styled-content> initiation factors were not able to predict functional status in this sample.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.13377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,23]],"date-time":"2017-01-23T08:47:23Z","timestamp":1485161243000},"page":"407-411","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["<scp>HIV<\/scp> encephalopathy with bilateral lower limb spasticity: gross motor function and antiretroviral therapy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Theresa N","family":"Mann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery Department of Surgery University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa"},{"name":"Division of Orthopedic Surgery Department of Surgical Sciences Stellenbosch University Tygerberg Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Laughton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Unit Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Stellenbosch University Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kirsten A","family":"Donald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Developmental Pediatrics Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nelleke G","family":"Langerak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery Department of Surgery University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"UNAIDS.Fact sheet 2016.2016. 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