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Regression analyses examined which neonatal factors predicted adult IQ.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neonatal morbidity, neonatal treatment, and early social environment of infants born very preterm\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VLBW<\/jats:styled-content> explained 37.6% of the variance in adult <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQ<\/jats:styled-content>. Seven unique early\u2010life predictors of lower adulthood <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQ<\/jats:styled-content> were found: respiratory distress syndrome, intraventricular haemorrhage, problems with mobility, mechanical ventilation, less parenteral nutrition, low\/middle socioeconomic status, and poor early parent\u2013infant relationships. Specifically, modifiable factors such as mechanical ventilation predicted a drop of 0.43 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQ<\/jats:styled-content> points for each day of treatment, adjusted for initial respiratory problems. Good early parent\u2013infant relationships predicted an approximately 5\u2010point increase in adult <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQ<\/jats:styled-content>, adjusted for other significant predictors such as socioeconomic status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mechanical ventilation, parenteral feeding, and early parenting were identified as significant modifiable factors that were strongly related to adult <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQ<\/jats:styled-content>. Mechanical ventilation policies have changed but there is scope for early interventions that focus on positive parenting, which may reduce the adverse effects of very preterm\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VLBW<\/jats:styled-content> birth on cognitive abilities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.13380","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,23]],"date-time":"2017-01-23T07:26:59Z","timestamp":1485156419000},"page":"477-483","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Neonatal predictors of cognitive ability in adults born very preterm: a prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Linda D","family":"Breeman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Youth and Family Utrecht University Utrecht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Jaekel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Family Studies University of Tennessee Knoxville TN USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Baumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Warwick Coventry UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Bartmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology University Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dieter","family":"Wolke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Warwick Coventry UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdr024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdt071"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa010856"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60074-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-1172"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-0528.2003.00012.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.9.1124"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1352"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-006-0158-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.88.5.943","article-title":"Social environment and vulnerability of low birth weight children: a social epidemiological perspective","volume":"88","author":"McGauhey PJ","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-0608"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","volume-title":"Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale \u2010 Third Edition (WAIS III): Administration and Scoring Manual","author":"Wechsler D","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191102009003004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-13-59"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","first-page":"197","volume-title":"The At\u2010Risk Infant: Psycho\/Socio\/Medical Aspects","author":"Casaer P","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrdd.20051"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2013.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.6.1216"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1162"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nure.12110"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e7961"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2015.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-3570"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.108.053751"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2000.108445"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2008.00834.x"}],"container-title":["Developmental Medicine &amp; 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