{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T08:08:59Z","timestamp":1781510939170,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,29]],"date-time":"2017-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1490745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"RS Macdonald Charitable Trust Edinburgh"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000692","name":"Royal College of Surgeons Edinburgh","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000692","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Friends of The Sick Kids Foundation, Edinburgh"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To explore the relationship between raised intracranial pressure (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RICP<\/jats:styled-content>) and retinal haemorrhages in traumatic and non\u2010traumatic childhood encephalopathies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective study of 112 children (35 females and 77 males, age range 0.01mo\u201317y 8.3mo; mean 5y 8.6mo, median 4y 5.6mo) included 57 accidental traumatic brain injuries (ATBIs), 21 inflicted traumatic brain injuries (ITBIs), and 34 non\u2010traumatic encephalopathy cases. Measurements included intracranial pressure (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICP<\/jats:styled-content>), cerebral perfusion pressure, pressure\u2010time index of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICP<\/jats:styled-content>, and number, zone, and layer of retinal haemorrhages on retinal imaging.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Group I had measured elevated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICP<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=42), Group <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> had clinical and\/or radiological signs of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RICP<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=21), and Group <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content> had normal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICP<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=49). In the combined Groups I and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>, 38% had retinal haemorrhages. Multiple logistic regression confirmed that the presence of retinal haemorrhages was significantly related to the presence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RICP<\/jats:styled-content> independent of age and aetiology; however, the occurrence and overall numbers were not significantly related to the specific <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICP<\/jats:styled-content> level. The numbers of intraretinal (nerve\u2010fibre layer and dot blot) retinal haemorrhages were significantly greater in those with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RICP<\/jats:styled-content>. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ITBI<\/jats:styled-content> population was significantly different from the other combined aetiological categories.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study results indicate a complex <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RICP<\/jats:styled-content>\/retinal haemorrhage relationship. There was no evidence of existing retinal haemorrhages being exacerbated or new retinal haemorrhages developing during periods of confirmed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RICP<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.13419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,29]],"date-time":"2017-03-29T10:50:41Z","timestamp":1490784641000},"page":"597-604","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Raised intracranial pressure and retinal haemorrhages in childhood encephalopathies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Robert A","family":"Minns","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Child Life and Health College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia A","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Child Life and Health College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anamika","family":"Tandon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princess Alexandra Eye Pavilion Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian W","family":"Fleck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princess Alexandra Eye Pavilion Edinburgh UK"},{"name":"Royal Hospital for Sick Children Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan O","family":"Mulvihill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princess Alexandra Eye Pavilion Edinburgh UK"},{"name":"Royal Hospital for Sick Children Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiona C","family":"Minns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology New Royal Infirmary Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-3274"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"292","article-title":"Secondary insults to the injured brain","volume":"27","author":"Miller JD","year":"1982","journal-title":"J R Coll Surg Edinb"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-0262"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2007.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.126.6.800"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(02)01628-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000066216"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"18","article-title":"Intraocular haemorrhages assessed objectively in paediatric head injuries in Sydney","volume":"38","author":"Bhardwaj G","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1974.41.2.0160"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-197505000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02688690309177969"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2005.072215"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-211-32318-X_7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2009.162271"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2009.168153"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2012.46"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","first-page":"37","article-title":"A total emergency medical system for the State of Maryland","volume":"24","author":"Cowley RA","year":"1975","journal-title":"Md State Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198503000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.64.1.124"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","volume-title":"Problems of Intracranial Pressure in Childhood. Clinics in Developmental Medicine Nos. 113\/114","author":"Minns RA","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.328.7442.766"}],"container-title":["Developmental Medicine &amp; Child Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fdmcn.13419","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dmcn.13419","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T19:12:53Z","timestamp":1696360373000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dmcn.13419"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,29]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dmcn.13419"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dmcn.13419","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-1622","1469-8749"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-1622","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8749","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-01-25","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-03-29","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}