{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T06:37:58Z","timestamp":1789799878734,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,6]],"date-time":"2017-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1018264"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1018264"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1105038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1105038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["569605"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["569605"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["465128"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["465128"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"\n Aim<\/jats:title>\n \n To determine the most accurate parent\u2010reported indicators for detecting (1) feeding\/swallowing difficulties and (2) undernutrition in preschool\u2010aged children with cerebral palsy (\n CP<\/jats:styled-content>\n ).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Method<\/jats:title>\n \n This was a longitudinal, population\u2010based study, involving 179 children with\n CP<\/jats:styled-content>\n , aged 18 to 60 months (mean 34.1mo [\n SD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 11.9] at entry, 111 males, 68 females [Gross Motor Function Classification System level I, 84;\n II<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 23;\n III<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 28;\n IV<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 18; V, 26], 423 data points). Feeding\/swallowing difficulties were determined by the Dysphagia Disorders Survey and 16 signs suggestive of pharyngeal phase impairment. Undernutrition was indicated by height\u2013weight and skinfold composite z\u2010scores less than \u22122. Primary parent\u2010reported indicators included mealtime duration, mealtime stress, concern about growth, and respiratory problems. Other indicators were derived from a parent feeding questionnaire, including \u2018significant difficulty eating and drinking\u2019. Data were analysed using multilevel mixed\u2010effects regression and diagnostic statistics.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Primary parent\u2010reported indicators associated with feeding\/swallowing were \u2018moderate\u2013severe parent stress\u2019 (odds ratio [\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n ]=3.2 [95% confidence interval {\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n } 1.3\u20137.8];\n p<\/jats:italic>\n <0.01), \u2018moderate\u2013severe concern regarding growth\u2019 (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n =4.5 [95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.7\u201311.9];\n p<\/jats:italic>\n <0.01), and \u2018any respiratory condition\u2019 (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n =1.8 [95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.4\u20135.8];\n p<\/jats:italic>\n <0.01). The indicator associated with undernutrition was \u2018moderate\u2013severe concern regarding growth\u2019 (height\u2013weight\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n =13.5 [95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 3.0\u201361.3];\n p<\/jats:italic>\n <0.01; skinfold\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n =19.1 [95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 3.7\u201398.9];\n p<\/jats:italic>\n <0.01). \u2018Significant difficulty eating and drinking\u2019 was most sensitive\/specific for feeding outcome (sensitivity=58.6%, specificity=100.0%), and \u2018parent concern regarding growth\u2019 for undernutrition (sensitivity=77.8%, specificity=77.0%).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n \n Parent\u2010reported indicators are feasible for detecting feeding and swallowing difficulties and undernutrition in children with\n CP<\/jats:styled-content>\n , but need formal validation.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n What this paper adds<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n Parent\u2010reported indicators can detect feeding\/swallowing difficulties and undernutrition in children with cerebral palsy.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Most accurate screening questions were 0\u201310 scales for \u2018difficulty eating\u2019 and \u2018difficulty drinking\u2019.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Supplementation of these scales with additional indicators would improve detection.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.13498","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,6]],"date-time":"2017-09-06T12:42:54Z","timestamp":1504701774000},"page":"1181-1187","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Parent\u2010reported indicators for detecting feeding and swallowing difficulties and undernutrition in preschool\u2010aged children with cerebral palsy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7252-5063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine A","family":"Benfer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre Child Health Research Centre The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly A","family":"Weir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith University Gold Coast Qld Australia"},{"name":"Gold Coast University Hospital Gold Coast Health Southport Qld Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert S","family":"Ware","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith University Gold Coast Qld Australia"},{"name":"Queensland Centre for Intellectual and Developmental Disability The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter S W","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Nutrition Research Centre Child Health Research Centre The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan","family":"Arvedson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital of Wisconsin\u2010Milwaukee Medical College of Wisconsin\u2010Milwaukee Milwaukee WI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roslyn N","family":"Boyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre Child Health Research Centre The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristie L","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre Child Health Research Centre The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia"},{"name":"Children's Nutrition Research Centre Child Health Research Centre The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia"},{"name":"Lady Cilento Children's Hospital Children's Health Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-0298"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2002.129888"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(02)90084-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12616"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"Early feeding abilities in children with cerebral palsy: a parental report study","volume":"17","author":"Wilson EM","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Med Speech Lang 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