{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T09:41:17Z","timestamp":1780652477050,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,23]],"date-time":"2018-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe presentation, clinical course, and outcome in postneonatal presentations of vein of Galen malformation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VGM<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children older than 28 days presenting with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VGM<\/jats:styled-content>(from 2006\u20132016) were included. Notes\/scans were reviewed. Outcome was dichotomized into \u2018good\u2019 or \u2018poor\u2019 using the Recovery and Recurrence Questionnaire. Logistic regression was performed to explore relationships between clinico\u2010radiological features and outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010one children (18 males, 13 females) were included, presenting at a median age of 9.6 months (range 1.2mo\u201311y 7mo), most commonly with macrocrania (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=24) and prominent facial veins (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=9). Seven had evidence of cardiac failure.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VGM<\/jats:styled-content>morphology was choroidal in 19. Hydrocephalus (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=24) and loss of white matter volume (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=15) were the most common imaging abnormalities. Twenty\u2010nine patients underwent glue embolization (median two per child). Angiographic shunt closure was achieved in 21 out of 28 survivors. Three children died of intracranial haemorrhage (1y, 6y, and 30d after embolization). Ten patients underwent neurosurgical procedures; to treat haemorrhage in four, and hydrocephalus in the rest. Outcome was categorized as good in 20 out of 28 survivors, but this was not predictable on the basis of the variables listed above.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>Postneonatally presenting<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VGM<\/jats:styled-content>has distinctive clinico\u2010radiological features, attributable to venous hypertension. Endovascular treatment is associated with good outcomes, but more specific prognostic prediction was not possible within this cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>What this paper adds<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"><jats:list-item><jats:p>Clinical and radiological features in older children with vein of Galen malformation relate to venous hypertension.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p>Outcome is good in most cases with endovascular therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p>Mortality is low but is related to intracranial haemorrhage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.13676","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,23]],"date-time":"2018-01-23T06:43:05Z","timestamp":1516689785000},"page":"424-429","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Presentation, course, and outcome of postneonatal presentations of vein of Galen malformation: a large, single\u2010institution case series"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9947-610X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vignesh","family":"Gopalan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Developmental Neurosciences UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Rennie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Department Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fergus","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Department Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lakshmi","family":"Kanagarajah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Department Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Toolis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjay","family":"Bhate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vijeya","family":"Ganesan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Developmental Neurosciences UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health London UK"},{"name":"Neurology Department Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"30","volume-title":"Diagnostic Imaging: Paediatric Neuroradiology","author":"Illner A","year":"2007"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"S184","article-title":"The management of vein of Galen aneurysmal malformations","volume":"59","author":"Lasjaunias 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