{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T20:59:19Z","timestamp":1790283559640,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,30]],"date-time":"2018-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006417","name":"Fundo de Apoio ao Ensino, \u00e0 Pesquisa e Extens\u00e3o, Universidade Estadual de Campinas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006417","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005202","name":"Muscular Dystrophy Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005202","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>As a consequence of the genomic revolution, a large number of publications describing paroxysmal movement disorders have been published in the last few years, shedding light on their molecular pathology. Routine gene testing is not necessary to guide treatment for typical forms of paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PKD<\/jats:styled-content>), paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PNKD<\/jats:styled-content>), and episodic ataxia type 1 or 2. It can, however, be helpful in the management of atypical or complex cases, especially for genetic counselling, treatment strategies, and the offer of preimplantation genetic diagnosis. Antiepileptic drugs remain the treatment of choice for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PKD<\/jats:styled-content> and episodic ataxia type 1, benzodiazepines are often useful for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PNKD<\/jats:styled-content>, and episodic ataxia type 2 benefits from acetazolamide regardless of the genetic etiology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>What the paper adds<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>A growing number of genes have been associated with classic and newly described paroxysmal movement disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Paroxysmal movement disorders share common mechanisms and clinical features with other neurological paroxysmal phenomena including epilepsy and migraine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.13744","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,30]],"date-time":"2018-03-30T07:17:33Z","timestamp":1522394253000},"page":"559-565","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Phenotypes, genotypes, and the management of paroxysmal movement disorders"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2184-626X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Silveira\u2010Moriyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Neuroscience Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies UCL Institute of Neurology London UK"},{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Medicine Universidade Nove de Julho, Uninove S\u00e3o Paulo 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