{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T23:06:42Z","timestamp":1787785602498,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,27]],"date-time":"2018-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Castang Foundation"},{"name":"Oxford Biomedical Research Centre"},{"name":"Thames Valley Clinical Research Network"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate whether neonates at risk for neurodevelopmental impairment have improved neurodevelopment after docosahexaenoic acid, choline, and uridine\u20105\u2010monophosphate supplementation versus controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recruitment was from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UK<\/jats:styled-content> neonatal units. Eligible for inclusion were infants born at less than 31 weeks\u2019 gestation with a weight less than the ninth centile; infants born at less than 31 weeks\u2019 gestation with a grade <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> or higher intraventricular haemorrhage\/preterm white matter injury; infants born between 31 weeks\u2019 and 40 weeks\u2019 gestation plus 28 days with a grade <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> or higher intraventricular haemorrhage\/preterm white matter injury, moderate or severe hypoxic\u2010ischaemic encephalopathy, or defined neuroimaging abnormalities. Treatment\/control supplementation was for 2 years (double\u2010blind, randomized, controlled design). Infants were stratified according to sex, gestation, and brain injury severity. Primary outcome was cognitive composite score (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCS<\/jats:styled-content>) of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Third Edition (Bayley\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content> at 24mo). Secondary outcomes were language composite score (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LCS<\/jats:styled-content>) of the Bayley\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content>, motor composite score (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCS<\/jats:styled-content>) of the Bayley\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content>, and Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales, Second Edition (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VABS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>) score.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty\u2010two neonates were recruited, 59 were randomized (34 males, 25 females). Fifty\u2010three started supplementation. Most families found supplementation acceptable. The treatment group <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010Bayley\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content> scores were non\u2010significantly higher than controls (mean score difference at 24mo: 9.0; 95% confidence interval \u22120.2 to 18.2). Language and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VABS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> scores, but not motor score, were non\u2010significantly higher in the treatment group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most families found supplementation feasible. Improved neurodevelopmental outcomes in the treatment group were not statistically significant. A larger multicentre trial exploration is warranted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>What this paper adds<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Dietary supplementation of neonates at risk of neurodevelopmental impairment is feasible.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>No statistically significant neurodevelopmental advantages were identified for the treatment group compared to controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Treatment group cognitive and language advantage are of a clinically meaningful magnitude.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.13914","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,28]],"date-time":"2018-05-28T06:09:10Z","timestamp":1527487750000},"page":"897-905","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Neurodevelopmental outcome of 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