{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T22:19:24Z","timestamp":1783117164551,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,27]],"date-time":"2018-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Robert-Enke-Foundation, Barsinghausen, Germany"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>This case\u2013control study examined the long\u2010term consequences of surgical correction for ventricular septal defect (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VSD<\/jats:styled-content>; the most common congenital heart defect) in infancy. It assessed children who had undergone <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VSD<\/jats:styled-content> surgery and the factors related to maternal conditions, surgery, and hospital stay.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010nine children (23 females, 16 males; age range 6y 1mo\u20139y 7mo [mean 7y 4mo, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content> 1y]) with repaired isolated, non\u2010syndromic, non\u2010genetic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VSD<\/jats:styled-content> were compared with 39 typically developing children (22 females, 17 males; age range 6y\u20139y 2mo [mean 7y 3mo, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content> 10mo]). The children completed behavioural tests of neurodevelopment and a quality of life (QoL) questionnaire. Mothers rated children's emotional\/behavioural symptoms and QoL. Measures of maternal parenting behaviour and psychopathology were treated as moderators.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Affected children showed reduced language skills (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.002) unless mothers reported high parenting behaviour subscale scores (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.04). Children's anxiety symptoms were elevated when mothers had anxiety symptoms (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.01). Longer hospital stay was associated with lower intelligence (<jats:italic>p=<\/jats:italic>0.003) and psychomotor scores (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.006). Longer scars predicted elevated child anxiety (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.008), and age at surgery and QoL were inversely related (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>Impairments could be mitigated if <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VSD<\/jats:styled-content> repair was performed early in life with a relatively small scar and uncomplicated hospital stay. This outcome depends on maternal parenting behaviour and anxiety symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>What this paper adds<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Children's cognitive and psychomotor development after surgical ventricular septal defect repair was unimpaired.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Children showed no mental health restrictions when their mothers reported few anxiety symptoms themselves.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Language impairments might be preventable by pro\u2010active parenting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The outcome also depends on variables related to surgery and hospital stay.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.13992","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,29]],"date-time":"2018-08-29T21:15:26Z","timestamp":1535577326000},"page":"152-160","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Child neurodevelopment and mental health after surgical ventricular septal defect repair: risk and protective factors"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5584-0961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Eichler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health University Hospital Erlangen Friedrich\u2010Alexander\u2010Universit\u00e4t Erlangen\u2010N\u00fcrnberg (FAU) Erlangen 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