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Included studies involved continuous <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ITB<\/jats:styled-content> as an intervention and outcome measures relating to all International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: Children and Youth (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CY<\/jats:styled-content>) components.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010three studies were identified, of which one, including 17 children with spastic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CP<\/jats:styled-content>, produced level <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> evidence, and the others, mainly non\u2010controlled cohort studies, level <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IV<\/jats:styled-content> and V. Outcomes at body function level were most frequently reported. Results suggest continuous <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ITB<\/jats:styled-content> may be effective in reducing spasticity and dystonia in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CP<\/jats:styled-content>, as well as other neurological conditions, and may improve the ease of care and quality of life of children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CP<\/jats:styled-content>, but the level of evidence is low.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite three decades of applying <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ITB<\/jats:styled-content> in children and a relatively large number of studies investigating the treatment effects, a direct link has not yet been demonstrated because of the low scientific quality of the primary studies. Further investigation into the effects of continuous <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ITB<\/jats:styled-content> at all levels of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CY<\/jats:styled-content> is warranted. Although large, controlled trials may be difficult to realize, national and international collaborations may provide opportunities. Also, multicentre prospective cohort studies with a long\u2010term follow\u2010up, employing harmonized outcome measures, can offer prospects to expand our knowledge of the effects of continuous <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ITB<\/jats:styled-content> therapy in children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>What this paper adds<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>There is low\u2010level evidence for continuous intrathecal baclofen (ITB) in children with cerebral palsy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Continuous ITB is effective in reducing spasticity and dystonia in non\u2010controlled cohort studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Evaluation of individual goals and systematic assessment of long\u2010term effects in large cohort studies are required.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.14005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,6]],"date-time":"2018-09-06T11:04:05Z","timestamp":1536231845000},"page":"128-134","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Effect of continuous intrathecal baclofen therapy in children: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5662-2843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annemieke I","family":"Buizer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Amsterdam UMC Amsterdam Movement Sciences VU University Medical Center Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9714-3881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian H 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