{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T16:32:38Z","timestamp":1774542758817,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,19]],"date-time":"2018-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1542585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our aim was to review available studies which test transcranial direct current stimulation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tDCS<\/jats:styled-content>) to reduce symptom severity in children with autism spectrum disorder (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed a systematic scoping review in PubMed and PsychINFO databases for studies employing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tDCS<\/jats:styled-content> in children and adolescents with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found five studies (two small randomized controlled studies, one experimental study, one quasi\u2010experimental study, and one case study) reporting positive effects of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tDCS<\/jats:styled-content> in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content> symptom reduction. Study design varied greatly and sample size ranged from 1 to 20 patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>Preliminary evidence is encouraging of the potential usefulness of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tDCS<\/jats:styled-content> for treatment of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content> in children and adolescents. It suggests tentative support for reductions in symptom severity and, according to parental reports and clinical observations, improvements in some aspects of language. However, the evidence is sparse and of low quality, so the true effect of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tDCS<\/jats:styled-content> is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect in this review. Therefore, future randomized controlled trials are needed to draw conclusions regarding <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tDCS<\/jats:styled-content> efficacy in paediatric samples with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>What this paper adds<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>There is low confidence in the estimate of effect, but tentatively encouraging results warrant further investigation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.14104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,19]],"date-time":"2018-11-19T14:41:43Z","timestamp":1542638503000},"page":"298-304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Transcranial direct current stimulation in children with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Ana Alexandra Caldas","family":"Os\u00f3rio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory Mackenzie Presbyterian University S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Developmental Disorders Graduate Program Mackenzie Presbyterian University S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6310-3571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andre Russowsky","family":"Brunoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital University of S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation Department and Institute of Psychiatry University of S\u00e3o Paulo Medical School S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Neuroscience and National Institute of Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry Department and Institute of Psychiatry University of S\u00e3o Paulo Medical School S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital LMU Munich Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032813-153710"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 years \u2013 autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, 11 sites, United States, 2010","volume":"63","author":"Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network Surveillance Year 2010 Principal Investigators; 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