{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T22:26:21Z","timestamp":1782253581846,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,12]],"date-time":"2019-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To review orofacial disabilities and their consequences in children with Moebius syndrome (MBS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrospectively analysed the records of 32 patients (21 males, 11 females) with non\u2010progressive bilateral facial and abducens palsies who had been examined before 6 months of age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All facial muscles were severely involved in 17 patients; in the 15 others, partial movements were found in the lower face. Most patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=24) were unable to smile. Patients frequently presented with congenital trismus (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=20) and drooling (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=18). Additional palsies involved cranial nerves IX and X (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=18) and XII (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=25). Sucking was absent or weak in 30 patients; swallowing was impaired in 25. During the first month of life, feeding disorders were graded as severe\/moderate in 25. Respiratory complications occurred in 17. Severe feeding disorders were associated with congenital trismus (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.01) and with cranial nerve IX and X palsy (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.01). Growth failure between 1 and 6 months of age, followed by catch\u2010up growth between 6 and 12 months, was observed in 20 patients. Between 2 and 5 years of age, 25 out of 32 patients attained normal oral diet and 28 out of 29 showed normal growth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children with MBS frequently require adjusted therapeutic options to prevent failure to thrive. Congenital trismus, cranial nerve IX and X palsy, and laryngeal\u2013tracheal dysfunctions are predictors of severe feeding disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>What this paper adds<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Moebius syndrome frequently induces reduced oral intake and early failure to thrive.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Normal oral diet and growth parameters are attained at 2 to 5 years of age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Congenital trismus, pharyngeal palsy, and laryngeal disorders predict dysphagia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.14379","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,12]],"date-time":"2019-11-12T12:40:07Z","timestamp":1573562407000},"page":"521-527","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Orofacial motor dysfunction in Moebius syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0352-7612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francis","family":"Renault","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence des Fentes et Malformations Faciales \u2018MAFACE\u2019 H\u00f4pital Necker\u2010Enfants\u2010Malades Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Flores\u2010Guevara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Facultad de Medicina Lima 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