{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T13:58:54Z","timestamp":1760623134624,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]],"date-time":"2019-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577059200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Hypoxic\u2013ischaemic insults occurring during or after birth can cause both acute and long\u2010term neurological impairment. The duration of the insult is a critical factor, but most published reports of duration have important limitations. After the onset of a persistent bradycardia in 125 term born\u00a0infants, abnormal outcomes occurred in two by 10 minutes, in 12 out of 47 (26%) delivered between 11 and 20\u00a0minutes, and in 55 out of 65 (85%) delivered after 20\u00a0minutes. Series with unspecified gestation or including infants born preterm give comparable results in over 500 additional cases. Before 20\u00a0minutes there was little correlation with severity, while after 20\u00a0minutes most were severely impaired. Limited neuroimaging data suggest that damage restricted to the basal ganglia and thalamus may begin to occur after 10\u00a0minutes, associated Rolandic damage after 15\u00a0minutes, and other cortical involvement after 20\u00a0minutes. Associated white matter damage can occur after any duration. There were little data for other patterns of damage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>What this paper adds<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Some term\u00a0born infants can withstand 20 minutes of fetal bradycardia without acute or chronic damage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Durations in humans are not the same as in animal models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.14421","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,24]],"date-time":"2019-12-24T06:03:51Z","timestamp":1577167431000},"page":"563-568","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Markers of perinatal hypoxia\u2013ischaemia and neurological injury: assessing the impact of insult duration"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4218-3621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Baxter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sheffield Children\u2019s NHS Foundation Trust Sheffield UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_4_2_1","first-page":"107","volume-title":"Aicardi\u2019s Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood","author":"Martinez\u2010Biarge M","year":"2018"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_3_1","DOI":"10.1576\/toag.13.3.169.27669"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_4_1","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(72)90124-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_5_1","first-page":"223","article-title":"Four patterns of perinatal brain damage and their conditions of occurrence in primates","volume":"10","author":"Myers RE","year":"1975","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_6_1","DOI":"10.1159\/000240714"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_7_1","DOI":"10.1159\/000470903"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_8_1","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-42876-7.00020-X"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_9_1","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2000-7496"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_10_1","first-page":"959","article-title":"MR and CT evaluation of profound neonatal and infantile asphyxia","volume":"13","author":"Barkovich AJ","year":"1992","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_11_1","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-0770"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_12_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2010.08.013"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_13_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.04.054"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_14_1","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410440202"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_15_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2019.01.005"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_16_1","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2017-314034"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_17_1","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(84)90742-7"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_18_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.06.053"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_19_1","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.50.9.696"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_20_1","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(93)90032-E"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_21_1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-8994(98)00002-2"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_22_1","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2001.108996"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_23_1","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.119923"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_24_1","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1220774"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_25_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2010.05.022"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_26_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2012.06.008"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_27_1","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.52.8.620"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_28_1","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.67.7_Spec_No.846"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_29_1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3782(00)00072-4"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_30_1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1990.tb02515.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_31_1","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6661(199905\/06)8:3<101::AID-MFM6>3.0.CO;2-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_32_1","first-page":"571","article-title":"Perimortem Cesarean delivery","volume":"68","author":"Katz VL","year":"1986","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_33_1","first-page":"440","article-title":"Uterine rupture in women attempting a vaginal birth following prior Cesarean birth","volume":"18","author":"Menihan CA","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_34_1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1995.tb10850.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_35_1","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-0528.2003.02088.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_36_1","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.12797"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_37_1","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2015.1058772"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_38_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.04.010"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_39_1","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e318249a1d7"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_40_1","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.51.9.712"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_41_1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(88)80153-4"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_42_1","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.70.3.F195"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_43_1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2007.01602.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_44_1","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.3.499"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_4_45_1","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.72.1.F62"}],"container-title":["Developmental Medicine &amp; Child Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fdmcn.14421","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dmcn.14421","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/dmcn.14421","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dmcn.14421","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]],"date-time":"2023-08-24T00:04:22Z","timestamp":1692835462000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dmcn.14421"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dmcn.14421"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dmcn.14421","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-1622","1469-8749"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0012-1622"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1469-8749"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-10-21","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-12-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}