{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:48:07Z","timestamp":1787014087037,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,8]],"date-time":"2020-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578441600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health\u00a0Heinz Fellowship"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["IS-BRC-1215-20012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IS-BRC-1215-20012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PB-PG-1112-29099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PB-PG-1112-29099"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Great Ormond Street Children's Charity","award":["V4615"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["V4615"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000317","name":"Action Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["GN2509"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GN2509"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000317","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"\n Aims<\/jats:title>\n \n To describe stroke syndromes and transcranial Doppler (\n TCD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) findings in children with human immunodeficiency virus (\n HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and examine the associations between\n TCD<\/jats:styled-content>\n and clinical and laboratory data.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Method<\/jats:title>\n \n We enrolled 42 children (24 males, 18 females) with\n HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n (median age=7y 6mo; 2y 7mo\u201315y 6mo), with and without stroke who underwent a\n TCD<\/jats:styled-content>\n examination of the anterior and posterior circulations to derive time\u2010averaged maximum mean velocity (\n TAMMV<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) measurements for comparison with previous studies. Clinical and laboratory variables were extracted from the medical records.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Of the 42 children with\n HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n , five had right\u2010sided hemiparesis, three had chronic lung disease, two occurred post\u2010varicella infection, one after herpetic oral ulceration, and one had a poorly functioning left ventricle. Neuroimaging showed middle cerebral artery (\n MCA<\/jats:styled-content>\n )\n TAMMV<\/jats:styled-content>\n greater than 200cm\/s, moyamoya\u2010like arteriopathy, left basal ganglia infarction with ipsilateral stenosis, hygroma consistent with venous thrombosis, and a hyperdense left\n MCA<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Eight neurologically asymptomatic children had atypical\n TCD<\/jats:styled-content>\n . The\n CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 4 cell count was non\u2010significantly lower in 6 out of 30 children with atypical\n TCD<\/jats:styled-content>\n (median=21.5; interquartile range=16.1\u201326.5) compared with the remainder (median=29; interquartile range=21.3\u201335.0;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n =0.09).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n \n A variety of stroke syndromes occur in children with\n HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n TCD<\/jats:styled-content>\n suggests atypical intracranial vessels and\/or haemodynamics in some children with\n HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n infection, consistent with vasculopathy, possibly related directly to immunodeficiency and\/or infection.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n What this paper adds<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n A range of stroke syndromes are found in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Transcranial Doppler (TCD) velocities in HIV are commonly outside the range for typically developing children.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n TCD and neuroimaging data in children with HIV suggest intracranial vasculopathy as one mechanism for stroke.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n CD4 cell count is non\u2010significantly lower in children with HIV and atypical TCD.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.14439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,8]],"date-time":"2020-01-08T23:54:01Z","timestamp":1578527641000},"page":"735-741","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Stroke transcranial Doppler in children with human immunodeficiency virus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5927-3132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nomazulu","family":"Dlamini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Evelina Children's Hospital London UK"},{"name":"The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith","family":"Pohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evelina Children's Hospital London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Eley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Red Cross War Memorial Hospital University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"Van Toorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tygerberg Hospital Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracy","family":"Kilborn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Red Cross War Memorial Hospital University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soundrie","family":"Padayachee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evelina Children's Hospital London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann\u2010Marie","family":"Pontigon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2443-7958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fenella J","family":"Kirkham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Developmental Neurosciences Section UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health London UK"},{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Sciences University of Southampton Southampton UK"},{"name":"Child Health University Hospital Southampton Southampton UK"},{"name":"Paediatric Neurosciences King's College Hospital London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7328-1796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo","family":"Wilmshurst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Red 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