{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T05:17:37Z","timestamp":1792646257397,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,12]],"date-time":"2020-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN261200800001E"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN261200800001E"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the cognitive development of children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and plexiform neurofibromas, and identify predictors of cognitive development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants included 88 children with NF1 and plexiform neurofibromas (50 males, 38 females, aged 6\u201318y, mean=12y, SD=3y 7mo) on a natural history study at the National Cancer Institute. Neuropsychological assessments (e.g. IQ, academic achievement, attention, and executive functioning) were administered three times over 6 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Relative to normative peers, the total sample of children with NF1 and plexiform neurofibromas demonstrated significantly lower scores in most cognitive domains and decreasing z\u2010scores over time in math, writing, inhibitory control, and working memory. Children who had parents with (vs without) NF1 were more likely to experience decreased z\u2010scores in performance IQ, reading, writing, attention, and working memory. Higher (vs lower) parental education was related to higher levels of IQ, math, reading, and cognitive flexibility and a slower decrease in math z\u2010scores. Children\u2019s sex and the number of NF1 disease\u2010related complications were not related to most cognitive outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children with NF1 and plexiform neurofibromas are at high risk for cognitive difficulties and declining z\u2010scores in various domains of cognitive functioning over time. The findings highlight the need for a better understanding of the within\u2010group differences in these children and their need for individualized educational plans.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>What this paper adds<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Math, writing, inhibitory control, and working memory scores decreased over time.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>The proportion of children with clinically significant cognitive deficits increased over time.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Parental neurofibromatosis type 1 and low education were related to greater cognitive difficulties in children.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.14489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,12]],"date-time":"2020-02-12T23:48:43Z","timestamp":1581551323000},"page":"977-984","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Predictors of cognitive development in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 and plexiform neurofibromas"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7360-5751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Hou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Sciences University of Kentucky Lexington KY USA"},{"name":"NIH Pediatric Oncology Branch National Cancer Institute Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taryn","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Directorate Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute Frederick MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela L","family":"Wolters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIH Pediatric Oncology Branch National Cancer Institute Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary Anne","family":"Toledo\u2010Tamula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Directorate Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute Frederick MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Staci","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIH Pediatric Oncology Branch National Cancer Institute Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Baldwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Directorate Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute Frederick MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Reda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIH Pediatric Oncology Branch National Cancer Institute Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andy","family":"Gillespie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIH Pediatric Oncology Branch National Cancer Institute Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Goodwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIH Pediatric Oncology Branch National Cancer Institute Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brigitte C","family":"Widemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIH Pediatric Oncology Branch National Cancer Institute Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pathol.2.010506.091940"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12734"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.13526"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000179303.72345.ce"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S135561770286012X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000055090.78351.C1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.36338"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"575","article-title":"Neurofibromatosis. 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