{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T08:49:57Z","timestamp":1792313397845,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,21]],"date-time":"2020-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595289600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007423","name":"Duchenne Parent Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007423","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the differences in attainment of developmental milestones between young males with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and young males from the general population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>As part of the case\u2013control 4D\u2010DMD study (Detection by Developmental Delay in Dutch boys with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy), data on developmental milestones for 76 young males with DMD and 12\u00a0414 young males from a control group were extracted from the health care records of youth health care services. The characteristics of DMD were acquired from questionnaires completed by parents. Logistic regression analyses were performed with milestone attainment (yes\/no) as the dependent variable and DMD (yes\/no) as the independent variable, with and without adjustment for age at visit.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean number of available milestones was 43 (standard deviation [SD]=13, range: 1\u201359) in the DMD group and 40 (SD=15, range: 1\u201360) in the control group. The presence of developmental delay was evident at 2 to 3\u00a0months of age, with a higher proportion of young males with DMD failing to attain milestones of gross\/fine motor activity, adaptive behaviour, personal\/social behaviour, and communication (range age\u2010adjusted odds ratios [ORs]=2.3<jats:italic>\u2013<\/jats:italic>4.0, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.01). Between 12 and 36\u00a0months of age, differences in the attainment of developmental milestones concerning gross motor activity increased with age (range age\u2010adjusted ORs=10.3<jats:italic>\u2013<\/jats:italic>532, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001). We also found differences in developmental milestones concerning fine motor activity, adaptive behaviour, personal\/social behaviour, and communication between 12 and 48\u00a0months of age (range age\u2010adjusted ORs=2.5<jats:italic>\u2013<\/jats:italic>9.7, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found delays in the attainment of motor and non\u2010motor milestones in young males with DMD compared to the control group. Such delays were already evident a few months after birth. Developmental milestones that show a delay in attainment have the potential to aid the earlier diagnosis of DMD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.14623","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,21]],"date-time":"2020-07-21T14:05:25Z","timestamp":1595340325000},"page":"1198-1204","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Early developmental milestones in Duchenne muscular dystrophy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5546-6244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"van Dommelen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Health Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research TNO Leiden the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ois\u00edn","family":"van Dijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Primary Care Leiden University Medical Center Leiden the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeroen A","family":"de Wilde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Primary Care Leiden University Medical Center Leiden the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul H","family":"Verkerk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Health Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research TNO Leiden the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-017-0631-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2013.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2004.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2006.12.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2009.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2013.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2014.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30024-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30025-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30026-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(99)00090-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2013.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12922"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12868-017-0381-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"121","article-title":"Improvement of survival in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: retrospective analysis of 835 patients","volume":"31","author":"Passamano L","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Myol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JND-140005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2014-306366"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2012.301"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23528"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.31165"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.24332"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","unstructured":"European Medicines Agency.Translarna [Internet].https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/medicines\/human\/EPAR\/translarna(accessed 7 June 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2014.301"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2016.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","volume-title":"Ontwikkelingsonderzoek in de jeugdgezondheidszorg. 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