{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T18:20:53Z","timestamp":1774981253514,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,21]],"date-time":"2020-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine if constraint\u2010induced movement therapy (CIMT) is more effective than standard care in improving upper\u2010limb activity outcomes in children with neonatal brachial plexus palsy (NBPP).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010one children with NBPP (mean age 25mo, SD=10.3, range=17\u201348mo; 11 males, 10 females) were enrolled in a crossover trial and randomly allocated to first receive CIMT or standard care, each for 8 weeks. The intervention arm consisted of 3 weeks of casting the unaffected limb followed by 5 weeks of transference activities. The Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA) was used to measure bimanual activity performance at baseline, 8 weeks, and 16 weeks, scored by blinded raters. The Pediatric Motor Activity Log\u2010Revised (PMAL\u2010R) was used as a caregiver\u2010reported secondary outcome measure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After concealed random allocation (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=21), there were no significant differences on demographics or baseline measures. CIMT was superior compared to control in terms of bimanual activity performance with a mean difference in AHA change score of 4.8 (SD=10.5, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.04, Cohen\u2019s <jats:italic>\u03b4<\/jats:italic>=0.46). There were no significant differences between treatment conditions on the PMAL\u2010R.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>CIMT is favored over standard care for bimanual activity performance. Future research should investigate a longer follow\u2010up period, additional comparator interventions, and analyse differences by participant characteristics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>What this paper adds<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Gains in bimanual activity performance were greater after constraint\u2010induced movement therapy (CIMT) compared to no CIMT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Frequency and quality of movement were not significantly different between treatment groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.14741","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,21]],"date-time":"2020-11-21T13:43:47Z","timestamp":1605966227000},"page":"545-551","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Constraint\u2010induced movement therapy for children with 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