{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T03:34:50Z","timestamp":1768880090606,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]],"date-time":"2021-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the features cited by motor phenotyping experts when identifying dystonia in people with cerebral palsy (CP).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dystonia identification in CP, particularly when comorbid with spasticity, can be difficult. The dystonia diagnostic criterion standard remains subjective visual identification by expert consensus. For this qualitative study, we conducted an inductive thematic analysis of consensus\u2010building discussions between three pediatric movement disorder physicians as they identified the presence or absence of dystonia in gait videos of 40 participants with spastic CP and periventricular leukomalacia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Unanimous consensus about the presence or absence of dystonia was achieved for 34 out of 40 videos. Two main themes were present during consensus\u2010building discussions as videos were evaluated for dystonia: (1) unilateral leg or foot adduction that was variable over time, and (2) difficulty in identifying dystonia. Codes contributing to the first theme were more likely to be cited by a discussant when they felt dystonia was present (as opposed to absent) in a video (<jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>test,<jats:italic>p=<\/jats:italic>0.004).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results describe the gait features cited by experts during consensus\u2010building discussion as they identify dystonia in ambulatory people with CP. Qualitative thematic analysis of these discussions could help codify the subjective process of dystonia diagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.14802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,10]],"date-time":"2021-01-10T20:36:45Z","timestamp":1610311005000},"page":"748-754","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Gait features of dystonia in cerebral palsy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0205-2149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bhooma R","family":"Aravamuthan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurology Department of Neurology Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children\u2019s Hospital St. Louis MO USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keisuke","family":"Ueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurology Department of Neurology Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children\u2019s Hospital St. Louis MO USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanyang","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurology Department of Neurology Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children\u2019s Hospital St. Louis MO USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurology Department of Neurology Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children\u2019s Hospital St. Louis MO USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah E","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurology Department of Neurology Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children\u2019s Hospital St. Louis MO USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toni S","family":"Pearson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurology Department of Neurology Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children\u2019s Hospital St. Louis MO USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25475"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12846"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2009.03581.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2011.04209.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e83\u20137","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2009.03483.x","article-title":"Development of the Hypertonia Assessment Tool (HAT): a discriminative tool for hypertonia in children","volume":"52","author":"Jethwa A","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.13502"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073813483903"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2013-307041"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2017.04.1333"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25579"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.13452"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.13502"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1997.tb07414.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12533"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2016.00226"}],"container-title":["Developmental Medicine &amp; 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