{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T08:36:07Z","timestamp":1792398967148,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]],"date-time":"2021-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012256","name":"Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PG10017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PG10017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012256","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007811","name":"Sydney Medical School Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007811","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the epidemiology of cerebral palsy (CP) in children from low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries (LMICs) using data from the Global Low\u2010 and Middle\u2010Income Country CP register (GLM\u2010CPR).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The GLM\u2010CPR is a multi\u2010country initiative that combines and compares data from children with CP (&lt;18y) in LMICs. Children with CP are registered after detailed neurodevelopmental assessment by a multidisciplinary medical team using a harmonized protocol. Data are collected on agreed core variables. Descriptive analyses are completed to report findings from participating countries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Between January 2015 and May 2019, 2664 children were recruited from Bangladesh, Nepal, Indonesia, and Ghana (mean age [SD] at assessment: 7y 8mo [4y 8mo], 95% confidence interval 7y 6mo\u22127y 11mo; male [\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      =1615] 60.6%, female [\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      =1049] 39.4%). Overall, 86.6% children acquired CP prenatally and perinatally (e.g. preterm birth, birth asphyxia, neonatal encephalopathy). Median age at CP diagnosis was 3 years. Moreover, 79.2% children had spastic CP and 73.3% were classified in Gross Motor Function Classification System levels III to V. Notably, 47.3% of children never received rehabilitation services (median age at receiving rehabilitation services was 3y; 12.7% received assistive devices) and 75.6% of school\u2010age children had no access to education.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Population\u2010based data show that the proportion of severe cases of CP is very high in LMICs. Children with CP in LMICs lack access to rehabilitation and educational services and a large proportion of children have potentially preventable risk factors, for example, birth asphyxia and neonatal infections. Delayed diagnosis, severe motor impairments, and lack of rehabilitation in most children call for urgent action to identify preventive opportunities and promote early diagnosis and intervention for children with CP in LMICs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"box\" position=\"anchor\">\n                        <jats:caption>\n                          <jats:title>What this paper adds<\/jats:title>\n                        <\/jats:caption>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                            <jats:list-item>\n                              <jats:p>The proportion of severe cases of cerebral palsy (CP) is very high in rural low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries (LMICs).<\/jats:p>\n                            <\/jats:list-item>\n                            <jats:list-item>\n                              <jats:p>Children with CP in LMICs lack access to rehabilitation and educational services.<\/jats:p>\n                            <\/jats:list-item>\n                            <jats:list-item>\n                              <jats:p>A large proportion of children with CP in LMICs have potentially preventable risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                            <\/jats:list-item>\n                          <\/jats:list>\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.14926","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]],"date-time":"2021-05-25T01:01:13Z","timestamp":1621904473000},"page":"1327-1336","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":164,"title":["Epidemiology of cerebral palsy in low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries: preliminary findings from an international multi\u2010centre cerebral palsy register"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7077-3146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Israt","family":"Jahan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CSF Global Dhaka Bangladesh"},{"name":"Asian Institute of Disability and Development University of South Asia Dhaka Bangladesh"},{"name":"School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences Central Queensland University Rockhampton QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Muhit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSF Global Dhaka Bangladesh"},{"name":"Asian Institute of Disability and Development University of South Asia Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denny","family":"Hardianto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSF Global Indonesia Waikabubak 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