{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T16:28:09Z","timestamp":1758817689774,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,23]],"date-time":"2021-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate neurodevelopmental outcome of children with open prenatal spina bifida aperta (SBA) repair.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prenatal SBA repair was performed in 130 fetuses at the Zurich Center between 2010 and 2019. Seventy\u2010seven children underwent 1 year assessment with the Griffiths Mental Developmental Scales (Griffiths) and 65 with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley\u2010III) at 2\u00a0years. Anatomical and functional level and ambulation status were assessed. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analyses for risk factors were performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Bayley\u2010III cognition composite score in children with prenatal SBA repair was within normal limits but lower compared to population norms (mean=95.15, SD=14.683 vs norm=100, SD=15, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.01). Fine motor development (mean=9.58, SD=2.744, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.227) was typical while gross motor development was lower than the norm (mean=3.02, SD=2.758 vs norm=10, SD=3, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001). Griffiths developmental quotient subscales correlated significantly with corresponding Bayley\u2010III scores (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001, <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>=0.519\u20130.594). At 2 years, 50.8% could walk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children with non\u2010trial open prenatal SBA repair show favourable cognitive outcome in the low\u2010average range at 1 and 2\u00a0years of age. While gross motor function remained delayed, fine motor function was age appropriate. The correlation between Griffiths and Bayley\u2010III allows a prediction about neurodevelopmental outcome at the age of 1\u00a0year.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>\n<jats:boxed-text content-type=\"box\" position=\"anchor\"><jats:caption><jats:title>What this paper adds<\/jats:title><\/jats:caption><jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Children with non\u2010trial open prenatal spina bifida repair show favourable cognitive outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Gross motor function remains impaired, while fine motor function is age appropriate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>At 2\u00a0years of age, 50.8% of children were walking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Neurodevelopmental testing correlated between 1 (Griffiths Mental Developmental Scales) and 2 (Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition) years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><\/jats:boxed-text>\n<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.14993","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,23]],"date-time":"2021-07-23T09:44:00Z","timestamp":1627033440000},"page":"1302-1307","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Early childhood neurodevelopmental outcome after open prenatal spina bifida aperta repair"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Zehra S","family":"Hepp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Child Developmental Medicine University Children\u2019s Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Verena M","family":"Haas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurology University Children\u2019s Hospital Zurich Zurich 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