{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T23:52:19Z","timestamp":1790207539086,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,24]],"date-time":"2021-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635033600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000317","name":"Action Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SP4472"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SP4472"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000317","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GN79832"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GN79832"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe a 10\u2010year follow\u2010up of children (&lt;16y) with acquired demyelinating syndromes (ADS) from a UK\u2010wide prospective surveillance study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diagnoses were retrieved from the patients' records via the patients' paediatric or adult neurologist using a questionnaire. Demyelinating phenotypes at follow\u2010up were classified by an expert review panel.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty\u2010four out of 125 (19.2%) children (64 males, 61 females; median age 10y, range 1y 4mo\u201315y 11mo), identified in the original study, were diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (incidence of 2.04\/million children\/year); 23 of 24 fulfilled 2017 McDonald criteria at onset. Aquaporin\u20104\u2010antibody neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders were diagnosed in three (2.4%, 0.26\/million children\/year), and relapsing myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody\u2010associated disease in five (4%, 0.43\/million children\/year). Three out of 125 seronegative patients relapsed and 85 of 125 (68%) remained monophasic over 10 years. Five of 125 patients (4%) originally diagnosed with ADS were reclassified during follow\u2010up: three children diagnosed initially with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis were subsequently diagnosed with acute necrotising encephalopathy (RAN\u2010binding protein 2 mutation), primary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (\n                      <jats:italic>Munc 13\u20104<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene inversion), and anti\u2010\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010methyl\u2010\n                      <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n                      \u2010aspartate receptor encephalitis. One child initially diagnosed with optic neuritis was later diagnosed with vitamin B12 deficiency, and one presenting with transverse myelitis was subsequently diagnosed with Sj\u00f6gren syndrome.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The majority of ADS presentations in children are monophasic, even at 10\u2010year follow\u2010up. Given the implications for treatment strategies, multiple sclerosis and central nervous system autoantibody mimics warrant extensive investigation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.15098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]],"date-time":"2021-10-25T00:24:50Z","timestamp":1635121490000},"page":"502-508","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Incidence of paediatric multiple sclerosis and other acquired demyelinating syndromes: 10\u2010year follow\u2010up surveillance study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0796-9645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omar","family":"Abdel\u2010Mannan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Square MS Centre UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology Faculty of Brain Sciences University College London London UK"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Great 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