{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T16:06:53Z","timestamp":1792080413948,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,24]],"date-time":"2022-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645660800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>We explored the ability of the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) to identify cognitive performance delay at 2\u00a0years in a large cohort of infants born at term.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a retrospective study of infants born at term at risk of neurodevelopmental impairments assessed using the HINE between 3 and 12\u00a0months post\u2010term age and compared them with a cohort of typically developing infants born at term. All infants performed a neurodevelopmental assessment at 2\u00a0years of age using the Mental Development Index (MDI) of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Second Edition; the presence of cerebral palsy (CP) was also reported. The infants were classified as being cognitively normal\/mildly delayed or significantly delayed (MDI\u00a0&lt;\u00a070). The predictive validity of HINE scores for significantly delayed cognitive performance, in infants with and without CP, was calculated using specific cut\u2010off scores according to age at assessment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 446 at\u2010risk and 235 typically developing infants (345 males, 336\u00a0females; mean [SD] gestational age 38.7\u00a0weeks [1.4], range 37\u201343\u00a0weeks) were included. Of the at\u2010risk infants, 408 did not have CP at 2\u00a0years; 243 had a normal\/mild delayed MDI and 165 had an MDI less than 70. Of the at\u2010risk infants, 38 developed CP. HINE scores showed a good sensitivity and specificity, mainly after 3\u00a0months, for identifying significantly delayed cognitive performance in infants without CP. In those with CP, the score was associated with their cognitive performance. The comparison group had the highest HINE scores.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>The HINE provides evidence about the risk of delayed cognitive performance at age 2\u00a0years in infants born at term with and without CP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.15191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,24]],"date-time":"2022-02-24T14:28:02Z","timestamp":1645712882000},"page":"871-880","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination in infants born at term: Predicting outcomes other than cerebral palsy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6229-1208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenico M.","family":"Romeo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Neurology Unit Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Pediatric Neurology Unit Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Roma  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frances M.","family":"Cowan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Imperial College  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leena","family":"Haataja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Neurology Children\u2019s Hospital University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Ricci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Neurology Unit Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS  Rome Italy"},{"name":"National Centre of Services and Research for the Prevention of Blindness and Rehabilitation of Low Vision Patients \u2010 IAPB Italia Onlus  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Pede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Neurology Unit Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Roma  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Gallini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Cota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Brogna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Neurology Unit Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario\u00a0G.","family":"Romeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Department of Paediatrics University of Catania  Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Vento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugenio","family":"Mercuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Neurology Unit Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. 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