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We used the Functioning Scale of the Disability Evaluation System\u2010Child version to investigate performance at follow\u2010up for at least 3\u00a0years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>These participants demonstrated improvement across all the domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Health, and Disability including for mobility, learning, social participation, and daily living. The children with SLD (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.3) and epilepsy (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.442) did not demonstrate significant improvement in learning, whereas those with ADHD (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001), autism (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001), and intellectual disabilities (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001) did. The children with epilepsy displayed the most impairment and least improvement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cross\u2010diagnostic study of learning problems indicated the children with autism or ADHD received more structural education. However, education strategies for those with SLD or epilepsy required improvement. Finally, SLD is possibly underdiagnosed in children, and children with epilepsy are affected in multiple aspects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>What this paper adds<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Specific learning disorder (SLD), ADHD, autism, epilepsy, and intellectual disability can cause learning problems in children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Children with ADHD and autism showed more improvement in academic performance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>SLD has been neglected and underdiagnosed, resulting in poor improvement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Children with epilepsy have multiple impairments and exhibited minimal improvement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.15203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]],"date-time":"2022-03-23T04:10:31Z","timestamp":1648008631000},"page":"1156-1167","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Mobility, educational, and social performance of children with learning problems in Taiwan: A 3\u2010year follow\u2010up study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3115-1648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lien\u2010Chieh","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Shuang Ho Hospital Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsan\u2010Hon","family":"Liou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Shuang Ho Hospital Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen\u2010Chou","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Occupational Therapy Chungshan Medical University  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chia\u2010Feng","family":"Yen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Tzu Chi University  Hualien Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hua\u2010Fang","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taiwan Association of Child Development and Early Intervention  Hualien City Taiwan"},{"name":"School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy College of Medicine National Taiwan University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chin\u2010Wen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Shuang Ho Hospital Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949602900301"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"83","article-title":"Prevalence of learning difficulties among school students in Kerala","volume":"20","author":"Gafoor K","year":"2015","journal-title":"INSIGHT J Appl Res Educ"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","volume-title":"Learning and learning difficulties: a handbook for teachers \/ Peter Westwood","author":"Westwood PS","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2008.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2000.9390"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949202501002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(17)30167-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61539-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000503831"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6631a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40474-016-0085-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM\u20135)","author":"(APA) TAPA","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","volume-title":"Learning disability. 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