{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T20:37:23Z","timestamp":1793824643204,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,7]],"date-time":"2022-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the prognostic capabilities of various diagnostic modalities for childhood brachial plexus injuries (BPIs) and brachial plexus birth injury (BPBI) and postneonatal BPI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this single\u2010center retrospective cross\u2010sectional study, we examined children with BPIs diagnosed or confirmed by electrodiagnostic studies between 2013 and 2020, and compared the prognostic value of various components of the electrophysiologic findings, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, and the Active Movement Scale (AMS). We developed scoring systems for electrodiagnostic studies and MRI findings, including various components of nerve conduction studies and electromyography (EMG) for electrodiagnostic studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified 21 children (10 females and 11 males) aged 8\u2009days to 21\u2009years (mean 8y 6.95mo) who had a total of 30 electrodiagnostic studies, 14 brachial plexus MRI studies, and 10 surgical procedures. Among the diagnostic modalities assessed, brachial plexus MRI scores, EMG denervation scores, and mean total EMG scores were the most valuable in predicting surgical versus non\u2010surgical outcomes. Correspondingly, a combined MRI\/mean total EMG score provided prognostic value.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>Brachial plexus MRI scores and specific electrodiagnostic scores provide the most accurate prognostic information for children with BPI. Our grading scales can assist a multidisciplinary team in quantifying results of these studies and determining prognosis in this setting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>What this paper adds<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>A new scoring system to quantify results of electrodiagnostic and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies is presented.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Severity of denervation has good prognostic value for childhood brachial plexus injuries (BPIs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Composite electromyography scores have good prognostic value for childhood BPIs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Brachial plexus MRI has good prognostic value for childhood BPIs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.15255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,7]],"date-time":"2022-05-07T09:48:42Z","timestamp":1651916922000},"page":"1254-1261","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Clinical, electrophysiological, and imaging findings in childhood brachial plexus injury"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Katherin E.","family":"Portwood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics University of Florida College of Medicine  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehmet S.","family":"Albayram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Florida College of Medicine  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Stone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics University of Florida College of Medicine  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla D.","family":"Zingariello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics University of Florida College of Medicine  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John T.","family":"Sladky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics University of Florida College of Medicine  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harvey","family":"Chim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery University of Florida College of Medicine  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4270-7325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter B.","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics University of Florida College of Medicine  Gainesville Florida USA"},{"name":"Paul &amp; Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center University of Minnesota Medical School  Minneapolis Minnesota United States"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Minnesota Medical School  Minneapolis Minnesota United States"},{"name":"Institute for Translational Neuroscience University of Minnesota Medical School  Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.06.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-211-72283-1_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.3.PEDS09538"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199103000-00005"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"335","volume":"82","author":"Wilson TJ","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prediction Algorithm for Surgical Intervention in Neonatal Brachial Plexus Palsy"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0303-8467(93)90039-J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(199802)21:2<260::AID-MUS20>3.0.CO;2-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26762"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092360315"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.7.PEDS18193"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(21)00264-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199404000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26499"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Antonovich D","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23901"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193420934676"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-867108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.24099"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2009.03479.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198702000-00034"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","first-page":"37","article-title":"Early Predictors of Microsurgical Reconstruction in Brachial Plexus Birth Palsy","volume":"39","author":"Shah AS","year":"2019","journal-title":"Iowa Orthop J"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","first-page":"720","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of obstetrical brachial plexus injuries","volume":"20","author":"Abbott R","year":"2004","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2015.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2005.04.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(199903)22:3<427::AID-MUS25>3.0.CO;2-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-8994(99)00073-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2000.tb00063.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2004.101.3.0365"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2017.11.008"}],"container-title":["Developmental Medicine &amp; 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