{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T17:35:45Z","timestamp":1791912945140,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,17]],"date-time":"2022-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001068","name":"Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2013\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013\/2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001068","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NHMRC115038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NHMRC115038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009725","name":"Wishlist","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2014\u201008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014\u201008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009725","name":"Wishlist","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015\u201002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015\u201002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to identify early clinical biomarkers from birth to 16\u2009weeks corrected age to predict typical outcome and developmental delay in infants born very preterm or with very low birthweight.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective cohort of infants on the Sunshine Coast, Australia, was assessed using the Premie\u2010Neuro Examination, the General Movement Assessment (GMA), the Alberta Infant Motor Scale, and the Infant Sensory Profile 2. At 24\u2009months corrected age, delay was identified using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley\u2010III) and Neurosensory Motor Developmental Assessment (NSMDA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred and four infants were recruited; 79 completed outcome assessments (43 females, 36 males; mean gestational age 30\u2009weeks [SD 1\u2009week 6\u2009days], mean birthweight 1346\u2009g [SD 323]). The incidence of developmental delay (motor or cognitive) was 6.3%. Suboptimal quality of fidgety general movements (temporal organization) at 16\u2009weeks corrected age demonstrated the best predictive accuracy (Bayley\u2010III motor: sensitivity 100% [95% confidence interval {CI} 3\u2013100], specificity 75% [95% CI 63\u201384], area under the curve [AUC] 0.87); Bayley\u2010III cognitive: sensitivity 100% [95% CI 3\u2013100], specificity 75% [95% CI 64\u201384], AUC 0.88); NSMDA motor: sensitivity 100% [95% CI 40\u2013100], specificity 81% [95% CI 70\u201390], AUC 0.91 [95% CI 0.86\u20130.95]). GMA trajectories that combined abnormal writhing general movements at 4 to 5\u2009weeks corrected age with suboptimal quality of fidgety movement at 16\u2009weeks corrected age were strongly predictive of developmental delay, superior to all other clinical tools, and perinatal and demographic variables investigated (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.01, Akaike information criterion method 18.79 [score corrected for small sample size], accounting for 93% of the cumulative weight).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>Only the GMA had sufficient predictive validity to act as a biomarker for both conditions: typical outcome and developmental delay (motor or cognitive). GMA trajectories that assessed both writhing general movements at 4 to 5\u2009weeks corrected age and quality of fidgety movement at 16\u2009weeks corrected age predicted adverse neurodevelopmental outcome, accurately differentiating between infants with typical outcomes and those at increased risk for motor or cognitive delay.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.15381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,17]],"date-time":"2022-09-17T10:29:32Z","timestamp":1663410572000},"page":"346-357","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Early detection of developmental delay in infants born very preterm or with very low birthweight"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9681-4847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca A.","family":"Caesar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Women's and Children's Service Sunshine Coast University Hospital (SCUH), Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service District (SCHHS)  Sunshine Coast Australia"},{"name":"Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland, Child Health Research Centre  Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4919-5975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roslyn N.","family":"Boyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland, Child Health Research Centre  Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Cioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Neuroscience IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert S.","family":"Ware","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Griffith University, Menzies Health Institute Queensland  Gold Coast Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Doherty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women's and Children's Service Sunshine Coast University Hospital (SCUH), Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service District (SCHHS)  Sunshine Coast Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxine P.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women's and Children's Service Sunshine Coast University Hospital (SCUH), Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service District (SCHHS)  Sunshine Coast Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaye L.","family":"Salthouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women's and Children's Service Sunshine Coast University Hospital (SCUH), Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service District (SCHHS)  Sunshine Coast Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6408-8238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul B.","family":"Colditz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland, Child Health Research Centre  Brisbane Australia"},{"name":"The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital  Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"PREMTiME Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2009.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2012.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-12-198"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-2816"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1708"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.12585"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","unstructured":"Australian Preterm Birth Alliance.Preterm Facts and Figures: Women and Infants Research Foundation 2022[cited2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-020-1022-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.14855"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.14730"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/19382359-20180325-01"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.13540"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-021-01399-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ANC.0000000000000248"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ANC.0b013e318265b3fa"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","volume-title":"Reliability and validity of the Premie\u2010Neuro in detecting early neurodevelopmental delay and disability in preterm infants [3389033]","author":"Gagnon K.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","unstructured":"DailyK Campbell S.The Premie\u2010Neuro Examination Instruction Manual. Version 1 ed. Nashville TN2004.32p."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.13697"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12140"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","volume-title":"Prechtl's Method on the Qualitative Assessment of General Movements in Preterm Term and Young Infants: Cambridge University Press","author":"Einspieler C","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2016.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1998.tb15399.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","volume-title":"Motor assessment of the developing infant","author":"Piper MC","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2006.07.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","volume-title":"The Sensory Profile 2: Manual","author":"Dunn W.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0734282906297199"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2010.25"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2010.20"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2014.10"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-3039"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-9514(14)60504-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","volume-title":"Physiotherapy Assessment for Infants and Young Children","author":"Burns YR","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-010726"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","unstructured":"BevansR.An Introduction to the Akaike information criterion Amsterdam Netherlands2021Available from:https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/statistics\/akaike\u2010information\u2010criterion\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","volume-title":"R: A language environment for statistical computing","author":"Team RC"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","volume-title":"RStudio: Integrated Development for R. R Studio","author":"Team RS","year":"2020"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","first-page":"203","article-title":"Measures of Diagnostic Accuracy: Basic Definitions","volume":"19","author":"\u0160imundi\u0107 A\u2010M.","year":"2009","journal-title":"EJIFCC."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jped.2015.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.14360"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2013.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-018-3130-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2017.1689"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.787196"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cdep.12319"}],"container-title":["Developmental Medicine &amp; Child Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dmcn.15381","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/dmcn.15381","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dmcn.15381","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]],"date-time":"2024-06-04T21:41:04Z","timestamp":1717537264000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dmcn.15381"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,17]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dmcn.15381"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dmcn.15381","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-1622","1469-8749"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-1622","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8749","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-08-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-07-15","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-09-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}