{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:17:40Z","timestamp":1791919060546,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]],"date-time":"2022-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003803","name":"University of Hong Kong","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003803","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004853","name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004853","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003803","name":"University of Hong Kong","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003803","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006637","name":"School of Pharmacy, University College London","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006637","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the association between the risk of attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and preterm birth and determine how postnatal complications in children born preterm is associated with the risk of ADHD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>This population\u2010based cohort study used data from the Hong Kong electronic medical records. We followed 359\u2009614 children (48% female; 6\u201317\u2009years old, mean 11\u2009years 7\u2009months, SD 3\u2009years 2\u2009months) born in public hospitals in Hong Kong from 1st January 2004 to 31st December 2014 and collected medical records and demographic details for mothers and children until 11th November 2020.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The risk of ADHD was 4.0% in children born at term and 5.1% in children born preterm. The odds ratio for ADHD was 2.08 (95% confidence interval [CI]\u00a01.64\u20132.64) for children born extremely preterm, 1.64 (95% CI\u20091.46\u20131.85) for children born very preterm, and 1.15 (95% CI\u20091.08\u20131.23) for children born late preterm. Among preterm postnatal complications, only early respiratory disease, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and intraventricular haemorrhage were significant predictors of ADHD after controlling for preterm birth, other risk factors, and sociodemographic variables. The excess risk of ADHD among children born very preterm or late preterm could be partly explained by respiratory disease. ROP partially mediated the risk of ADHD in children born very preterm.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children born preterm in all subcategories, from extremely preterm to late preterm, have increased risk of ADHD. Early respiratory infection partially mediates the risk of ADHD in children born preterm.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.15401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]],"date-time":"2022-09-15T09:29:07Z","timestamp":1663234147000},"page":"358-366","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Preterm postnatal complications and risk of attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Winnie Wan\u2010Yee","family":"Tso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Brain &amp; Cognitive Sciences University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics &amp; Adolescent Medicine Queen Mary Hospital, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederick Ka Wing","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Wellbeing University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Coghill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Paediatrics and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science University of Melbourne  Melbourne VIC Australia"},{"name":"Neurodisability and Rehabilitation, Murdoch Children's Research Institute  Parkville VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatia Mei\u2010Chun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Brain &amp; 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