{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T16:42:56Z","timestamp":1792082576913,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To identify easily accessible neuroanatomical abnormalities useful for diagnosing fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) in fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) but more importantly for the probabilistic diagnosis of non\u2010syndromic forms (NS\u2010FASD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrospectively collected monocentric data from 52 individuals with FAS, 37 with NS\u2010FASD, and 94 paired typically developing individuals (6\u201320\u2009years, 99 males, 84 females). On brain T1\u2010weighted magnetic resonance imaging, we measured brain size, corpus callosum length and thicknesses, vermis height, then evaluated vermis foliation (Likert scale). For each parameter, we established variations with age and brain size in comparison individuals (growth and scaling charts), then identified participants with abnormal measurements (&lt;10th centile).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>According to growth charts, there was an excess of FAS with abnormally small brain, isthmus, splenium, and vermis. According to scaling charts, this excess remained only for isthmus thickness and vermis height. The vermis foliation was pathological in 18% of those with FASD but in no comparison individual. Overall, 39% of those with FAS, 27% with NS\u2010FASD, but only 2% of comparison individuals presented with two FAS\u2010recurrent abnormalities, and 19% of those with FAS had all three. Considering the number of anomalies, there was a higher likelihood of a causal link with alcohol in 14% of those with NS\u2010FASD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results suggest that adding an explicit composite neuroanatomical\u2013radiological criterion for FASD diagnosis may improve its specificity, especially in NS\u2010FASD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>What this paper adds<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Neuroanatomical anomalies independent of microcephaly can be measured with clinical\u2010imaging tools.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Small\u2010for\u2010age brain, small\u2010for\u2010brain\u2010size callosal isthmus or vermian height, and disrupted vermis foliation are fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)\u2010recurrent anomalies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Associations of these anomalies are frequent in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) even without FAS, while exceptional in typically developing individuals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>These associations support higher likelihood of causal link with alcohol in some individuals with non\u2010syndromic FASD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>A new explicit and composite neuroanatomical\u2013radiological criterion can improve the specificity of FASD diagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.15411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T17:45:27Z","timestamp":1663868727000},"page":"551-562","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Combining neuroanatomical features to support diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6434-7992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justine","family":"Fraize","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CEA Paris\u2010Saclay Frederic Joliot Institute, NeuroSpin, UNIACT  Gif\u2010sur\u2010Yvette France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9 Inserm, NeuroDiderot, InDEV  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pauline","family":"Garz\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEA Paris\u2010Saclay Frederic Joliot Institute, NeuroSpin, UNIACT  Gif\u2010sur\u2010Yvette France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9 Inserm, NeuroDiderot, InDEV  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Ntorkou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Radiologic, Centre of Excellence InovAND, Robert\u2010Debr\u00e9 Hospital  AP\u2010HP Paris 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