{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:08:05Z","timestamp":1787314085938,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,12]],"date-time":"2023-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This overview of Cochrane systematic reviews (CSRs) reports on current evidence on the effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions for individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) and the quality of the evidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Following the inclusion criteria defined by the World Health Organization, all CSRs tagged in the Cochrane Rehabilitation database that were relevant for individuals with CP were included. A mapping synthesis was used to group outcomes and comparisons of included CSRs indicating the effect of rehabilitation interventions and the certainty of evidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of eight CSRs were included in the evidence map. The effect of interventions varied across comparisons and the certainty of evidence was inconsistent, ranging from high to very low.\u00a0The best evidence was found for botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT\u2010A) combined with occupational therapy in the management of spasticity. However, the effect of BoNT\u2010A on drooling and salivation remains unclear. A paucity of randomized controlled trials studying treatments for both dystonia and postural deformities was noted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review emphasizes the need to further investigate the effectiveness and cost\u2013benefit of rehabilitation interventions for individuals with CP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>What this paper adds<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>The quality and quantity of evidence on rehabilitation interventions for cerebral palsy is limited worldwide.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Botulinum neurotoxin A plus occupational therapy showed robust efficacy for the management of upper\u2010limb spasticity.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Evidence on sleep\u2010positioning systems for hip migration and trihexyphenidyl for dystonia is scarce.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.15572","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]],"date-time":"2023-03-13T01:38:18Z","timestamp":1678671498000},"page":"1280-1291","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Overview of Cochrane systematic reviews for rehabilitation interventions in individuals with cerebral palsy: A mapping synthesis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8707-2482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Liguori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4633-5052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa M.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona State University School of Social and Behavioral Sciences  Phoenix AZ USA"},{"name":"Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's &amp; Neurodegenerative Diseases University of Texas Health Science Center  San Antonio TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0787-6075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Arienti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Pollini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 di Brescia  Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Patrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Evidence\u2010Based Rehabilitation Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1905-6405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Gimigliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1878-2747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Negrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi  Milan Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences Universit\u00e0 La Statale  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8500-7751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlotte","family":"Kiekens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCSS Multimedica  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32340-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23736\/S1973-9087.17.04746-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23736\/S1973-9087.20.06574-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2019.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2017.1689"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","unstructured":"European Platform on Rare Disease Registration [Internet]. [cited2022May 24]. Available from:https:\/\/eu\u2010rd\u2010platform.jrc.ec.europa.eu"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","unstructured":"Cerebral Palsy: Hope Through Research | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [Internet]. [cited2022May 24]. Available from:https:\/\/www.ninds.nih.gov\/health\u2010information\/patient\u2010caregiver\u2010education\/hope\u2010through\u2010research\/cerebral\u2010palsy\u2010hope\u2010through\u2010research"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S235165"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12865"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.14011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30374-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","first-page":"1267","article-title":"Cerebral palsy in Al\u2010Quseir City, Egypt: prevalence, subtypes, and risk factors","volume":"10","author":"El\u2010Tallawy HN","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cch.12733"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.15346"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.14926"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0243948"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","unstructured":"HiggingsJ ThomasJ ChandlerJ CumpstonM LiT PageM et al.Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions[Internet]. [cited2022May 24]. Available from:https:\/\/training.cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2021.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23736\/S1973-9087.21.07075-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2019.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30499-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2019.01.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j4008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","article-title":"GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations","author":"Guyatt GH","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.04.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0204-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","article-title":"Botulinum toxin A as an adjunct to treatment in the management of the upper limb in children with spastic cerebral palsy (UPDATE)","volume":"1","author":"Hoare BJ","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","article-title":"Interventions for drooling in children with cerebral palsy","volume":"11","author":"Walshe M","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","article-title":"Sleep positioning systems for children with cerebral palsy","volume":"11","author":"Blake SF","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","article-title":"Exercise interventions for cerebral palsy","volume":"6","author":"Ryan JM","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","article-title":"Trihexyphenidyl for dystonia in cerebral palsy","volume":"5","author":"Harvey AR","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","article-title":"Constraint\u2010induced movement therapy in children with unilateral cerebral palsy","volume":"4","author":"Hoare BJ","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","article-title":"Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy","volume":"10","author":"Blumetti FC","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","article-title":"Mechanically assisted walking training for walking, participation, and quality of life in children with cerebral palsy","volume":"11","author":"Chiu HC","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12551"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","unstructured":"NICE.Spasticity in under 19\u2009s: management | Overview | Guidance | NICE [Internet]. NICE; [cited 2022 May 24]. Available from:https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/cg145"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.19.00119"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2018.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.14765"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40272-019-00344-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","article-title":"Predictors of Rehabilitation Service Utilisation among Children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) in Low\u2010 and Middle\u2010Income Countries (LMIC): Findings from the Global LMIC CP Register","author":"Al Imam MH","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.14926"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.15253"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.15086"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.15349"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.15231"}],"container-title":["Developmental Medicine &amp; Child Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dmcn.15572","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/dmcn.15572","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dmcn.15572","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T14:17:22Z","timestamp":1723126642000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dmcn.15572"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,12]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dmcn.15572"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dmcn.15572","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-1622","1469-8749"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-1622","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8749","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-10-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-02-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-03-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}